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51 pages 1 hour read

Bharati Mukherjee

Jasmine

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1989

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Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Jasmine opens with the protagonist recalling an incident that occurred to her when she was a seven-year-old girl in the village of Hasnapur, India. An astrologer tells Jasmine her future—she will be widowed and exiled.

Angrily, the little girl calls the prophet a liar, and in response, he strikes her on the head, causing her to fall to the ground. Jasmine bites her tongue, and a twig from the bundle of firewood she was carrying strikes her forehead, leaving a star-shaped cut.

Aloud, Jasmine again denies the astrologer’s prediction, but in her heart, she feels fated and doomed. The astrologer tells her to find her sisters, and Jasmine, a bundle of wood in her arms, heads to the river bend where her sisters fuss over the cut on her head. They declare that her scarred face means she will not be able to find a man to marry when she grows up.

Defensively, Jasmine claims that the mark is her third eye, the weapon of wise sages and witches. As her sisters run up the riverbank, Jasmine swims in the river, seething with anger. She suddenly touches the bloated, sunken corpse of a dog, whose body tears in two. Jasmine notes that she always remembers the smell that the carcass emitted whenever she drinks water—a reminder that she knows “what I don’t want to become” (12).

Chapter 2 Summary

17 years later, 24-year old Jasmine is living in Elsa County, Iowa, on 1,500 acres of land. Two families, the Lutzes and the Ripplemeyers, own the property.

Jasmine—or as she is known in Iowa, Jane—is pregnant, and the baby’s father, Bud Ripplemeyer, wants to marry her to make their relationship legal before the baby arrives. As a small-town banker whose father founded the First Bank of Baden, Bud is staid and conservative. Jasmine is less than half his age. Jasmine explains that Bud was not confined to a wheelchair before she met him, and is proud that she did not abandon him after his accident.

Bud’s neighbor Darrel Lutz, only son of Gene and Carol Lutz, is planting the crops for the first time by himself. After his obese father choked to death on a piece of Mexican food—too large for the Heimlich maneuver to be performed on him—Darrel’s mother moved to be near his sister in California, leaving Darrel to oversee the extensive family farmlands. Darrel is considering selling the land and moving to New Mexico to open an electronics franchise.

Gene Lutz helped Jasmine while Bud was hospitalized, and Bud wants to offer support to Gene’s son in return. Darrel is excited by a recent visit by businessmen who want to buy his farm and build a golf course on it. This prospect worries Bud, for whom the concept of change is frightening. Nevertheless, he asks Jasmine to marry him even though his first marriage ended in divorce. He and Jasmine live in a three-room frame house, a hired man’s house. Small and ugly, the home nevertheless represents a sense of belonging for Jasmine.

Another member of the Ripplemeyer family, 14-year-old Du Thien, was adopted three years ago. Jasmine describes the teenager as “sometimes contemptuous” (17). Bud and Jasmine were able to adopt Du despite Bud’s divorce because Du was difficult to place anywhere else.

Bud divorced his first wife, with whom he had two sons, after he met Jasmine when she walked into his bank looking for employment. He wanted to make up for a life wasted, hence his affair with Jasmine and the adoption of Du.

Life with the Ripplemeyers, including Bud’s parents, causes Jasmine to reflect on her upbringing in India. She recalls a girl from her village, Vimla, who was wealthy and had a fancy wedding. When her husband died of typhoid, Vimla poured kerosene on her body and set herself on fire. Jasmine thinks of a saying amongst the villagers: “when a clay pitcher breaks, you see that the air inside it is the same as outside” (18). Vimla had broken her pitcher, committing suicide, a far better fate in the villagers’ eyes than that of an old woman such as Mother Ripplemeyer, laboring under the illusion that she was still working on her “shell” despite her age.

Surrounded by Bud’s family, Jasmine admits that she is only “happy enough” (19), as she thinks about the many names she has carried through her young life: “Jane, Jasmine, Jyoti” (19). Although not entirely happy, Jasmine feels completely safe for now.

Chapter 3 Summary

Darrel Lutz embodies the plight of the young farmer. Jasmine describes an encounter with Darrel where she suspects he is drunk. Since his father’s death, operating the family farm has taken a toll on Darrel. He admits to Jasmine, “I couldn’t go another round with Bud” (20) as Bud refuses to consider a golf course as an acceptable use of the Lutzes’ acreage.

Jasmine has encouraged Bud to finance Darrel’s hog operation as a means of keeping the golf businessmen at bay. The expanse of the Lutz farm seems to be too much for Darrel to handle alone. Despite facing overwhelming odds, Darrel has begun extensive work on building a larger hog pen, which to Jasmine looks “like a landbound Ark” (24).

When Jasmine drops off the inebriated Darrel at his home, he tells her he wants to invite her in some day in the future. He seems to be hinting at having feelings for her, but he concludes saying he has been practicing cooking her Indian recipes and wants her opinion on his progress.

Chapters 1-3 Analysis

As Jasmine considers the two very different worlds she belongs to—the world of her childhood in India, and her young adulthood as a foreigner in the Midwestern United States—the novel begins its theme of women’s identity and value.

Jasmine’s recollections of India point to a straightforward cultural assumption that women must primarily be wives and decorative objects. Jasmine’s sisters rue her forehead injury because a scarred face will mean a less auspicious marriage, not because a stranger has just cuffed her. Similarly, the village sees Vimla’s decision to self-immolate after her husband’s death as the best thing she could have done as a widow—a woman no longer desirable as a marriage partner and thus no longer of value.

However, while Iowa is less outwardly hostile to women than Hasnapur, we see hints that similar cultural echoes in the stories of women in Jasmine’s periphery. Bud leaves his ex-wife Karen for Jasmine as a way of giving meaning to his life—his assumption that meaning will come from a romantic partner half his age is telling. Meanwhile, after her husband’s death, Carol Lutz leaves the farm and for all intents and purposes disappears. Unwilling to live like Mother Ripplemeyer, Carol underscores the low value an aging widow has in America—no one expects her to kill herself, but she would be seen as a drain on her adult son’s resources rather than a valuable presence in his life.

These chapters also introduce the specters of commercialism and progress, which tempt Darrel to consider selling the family farm to businessmen intending to build a golf course on it, and Bud’s vehement disagreement with that possibility. Bud’s fear of change conflicts with Darrel’s inability to handle managing farm operations—a microcosm of challenges afflicting the American Midwest.

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