64 pages • 2 hours read
Francesco D'AdamoA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
The summer weather grows hotter, and Hussain is more irritable, which means that clients will soon visit the factory. He employs different methods to encourage the children to work, including endearments, coercion, begging, threats, and punishments. Karim, who is scared of getting kicked out, is also stricter and often yells at the children. After the workday is done, though, he helps the bonded children with their wounded hands.
Hussain leaves Iqbal alone. The other children talk about Iqbal, saying that he is tame or that he wants to be the new favorite. Instead of coming together, the children break into cliques and pick on each other. Karim overhears the enslaver call Iqbal “special” and “precious,” which he announces to the bonded children. Iqbal is assigned a special carpet called a blue Bukhara, which is made only twice a year and is expensive. He calls Iqbal an artist, which embarrasses the child. Iqbal admits that he made one of the special carpets before, and he does not know why his last enslaver sold him. Karim thinks that Iqbal’s debt will be erased once he makes the blue Bukhara, but Iqbal says that it won’t.
Fatima tries to defend Iqbal against the other children, who feel resentment toward him. She starts visiting his station each night to talk and to listen to the “mysterious, confused city night sounds” (27). Fatima and Iqbal were from the country, and they did not know much about cities. Iqbal, who previously changed enslavers, has seen more of cities, and he remembers the buses and seeing kites flying in the sky. He wants to ride a bus, and Fatima wants to go to the movies. Iqbal works hard to remember his family, and he uses the memories as an escape from his enslavement.
Fatima does not think they will escape, and she knows that if she made it out, she would have no place to go and no one to protect her. She assumes that she will share the same fate as Karim—becoming too old to make carpets but having nowhere else to go. Fatima doesn’t understand why Iqbal would want to escape because she thinks that he will erase his debt when he finishes the special carpet.
The day of a client’s visit arrives. When foreign clients visit, Hussain treats the bonded children with false kindness. The children get extra food at breakfast, which puts them in a good mood. While the children take their turns in the bathroom, Hussain paces around the factory, but he stops and looks at Iqbal. Iqbal finished the blue Bukhara, and it is “perfect,” but he takes his working knife and cuts the carpet in half.
Hussain, his wife, and Karim all scream and run at Iqbal, and the rest of the children hide in the corner. Hussain calls Iqbal a “Hell child,” and “the mistress”—as the children refer to his wife—calls for Iqbal to be thrown into the Tomb. Hussain, his wife, and Karim drag Iqbal out to the Tomb, which is an old cistern, and lock him in. When Hussain returns to the workroom, he commands the children to return to their work. Fatima does not know why Iqbal cut the carpet, but she saw the fear on his face when he was taken to the Tomb.
The Tomb is a grate-covered cistern in Hussain’s yard. It is always dark, except for a short period in the afternoon when a little light reaches through the cracks of the door. The Tomb is hot and stuffy, which makes it difficult to breathe for those who are thrown into it, especially during the hot summer. Salman had told Fatima and the others that the Tomb felt suffocating and that he started to see things in the dark. Another boy adds that there are spiders, scorpions, and snakes, but Salman says there are no snakes.
Hussain successfully sold his carpets to the clients, but he does not celebrate with foreign music like he usually does after a visit. He extends the workday by an hour, does not feed the children, and threatens them. The bonded children are not mad at Iqbal for Hussain’s attempts at revenge. Instead, they are worried about him because it is so hot outside. Karim knows of only one other child who was put into the Tomb in the middle of summer. The boy, who was missing an ear, refused to work, so Hussain put him in the Tomb for five days. When he was let out of the Tomb he had to be carried, and his skin was peeling from the heat. Afterward, he started working and submitted to Hussain. Fatima does not think that will happen to Iqbal, but Karim says that Iqbal isn’t special and that he was probably sold because of his defiance.
Fatima suggests they help Iqbal. Karim doesn’t want to, but Salman tells him to “shut up” and offers some bread that he saved. Fatima, Salman, Karim, and Alì sneak out to take bread and water to Iqbal. Karim does not want to go, but he has the key to open the door, so Salman makes him come. Salman takes the lead and starts crawling across the yard, and the others follow. They make it to the iron door of the cistern and struggle to get it open. When the door moves, it lets out a loud squeak, which wakes Hussain’s wife. She comes to the door to look out, but she does not see anything amiss in the night. The children can hear her talking with Hussain, but she does not come out of the house to investigate the noise.
The children wait for a while after she goes back inside; then, they return to their mission. Karim lights a match, and they can see Iqbal in the bottom of the cistern. His throat is dry, and his lips are cracked. Iqbal drinks the water and wets his face. Fatima is shocked at his condition, and Salman is nervous, but Alì comes to the door and reaches for Iqbal’s hand to offer him support. Fatima says they will come back every night, and although Karim protests, they do return each night that Iqbal is in the Tomb.
Iqbal is kept in the Tomb for three days. When he comes out, his legs are weak, and he is covered in bug bites. He rests for a day, and the children care for him and let him sleep. When Iqbal is recovered, Salman asks why he cut the carpet, and Iqbal says that he did it for the bonded children as a statement that the way they are treated is not acceptable. He knows that what Hussain is doing is wrong, and he wants to advocate for everyone’s freedom. Fatima says that they cannot go home, and Salman supports her by declaring the Hussain is stronger and that no one cares about them. Iqbal retains hope that he will find someone that can help.
An older boy is taken away and replaced by a younger one whom the children nickname Twig because he is so skinny. He hurts his hand on the second day and is assigned to cleaning duties. Although daily life is much the same, Fatima notes a change in the “atmosphere.” The bonded children don’t work quite the same, they are slow to return from break, and they talk and laugh among themselves. A few issues arise, such as broken or tangled looms. Iqbal is ordered to create another blue Bukhara, and he does his work well and tells Fatima that he will not destroy this carpet.
The children get together at night and talk without waiting for Hussain to fall asleep first. Twig says they should run away, become bandits, and “attack the trucks that come into the city” (44) because they transport food. They talk about what they would like to do in abstract terms, but they do not talk about the future. While they hope for freedom, they do not believe that they will earn their liberty back. In the fall, Iqbal tells Fatima that they will fly a kite together next spring. During a storm the following night, he escapes through the bathroom window and runs away.
The theme of The Economic Impact of Forced Child Labor is developed in Chapters 4-7. Hussain is nervous and irritable before his clients come to retrieve their order. He wants the bonded children to work harder so that he can make more money, and he wants to impress the clients so they will continue to do business with him. Hussain brings Iqbal into the workshop because of Iqbal’s carpetmaking skills. He hopes to increase his profits by using Iqbal to make extravagant carpets that he can sell for higher prices. When Iqbal destroys the blue Bukhara he made, Hussain takes a significant financial blow in terms of lost time and lost money on the supplies. He also is at risk of losing the client who ordered the expensive carpet. Afterward, Hussain is nervous around Iqbal, but he is scared to interact with the boy, fearing that Iqbal might destroy a second carpet. Hussain creates a façade that he is powerful and in control, but he is vulnerable. He depends on the children he enslaves to make money for him; without them, he has no way to turn a profit. Hussain realizes his own vulnerability when Iqbal destroys the blue Bukhara.
Hussain Khan is not the only person to benefit from the work of the bonded children. The clients who purchase the carpets likewise benefit from the free forced labor of the bonded children. Since the cost of labor does not factor into the production costs, the carpets can be sold at a lower price. The clients are characterized as “elegantly dressed men with cold eyes” or as women who fawn over the bonded children and call them “lovely” (30). The men are portrayed as not caring that the carpets are made by enslaved children, and the women are portrayed as willfully ignorant of the deplorable conditions. The financial benefit outweighs their sense of morality, and they continue to support the forced-labor carpet market.
Fatima, Salman, Karim, and Alì are inspired to form stronger relationships thanks to Iqbal’s bravery, and they come together to help him while he is in the Tomb and while he is recovering. Fatima sees Iqbal’s fear when he is dragged away to the Tomb, and she realizes that he is scared, but he is fighting back anyway. His behavior and his attitude demonstrate the adage that bravery is not the absence of fear but the ability to overcome it. After watching Iqbal master his fears of punishment, Fatima, Salman, Alì, and Karim are able to put their fears aside to ensure he receives food, water, and human contact while he is imprisoned in the Tomb. Salman and Alì assert their bravery and act accordingly, but Karim goes along only because he is scared of Salman. They are static characters, given that they do not change much throughout the book. Fatima does not portray herself as brave, yet she shows great bravery in sneaking out to visit Iqbal. Her character is developing from a state of oppression to one of advocacy.