36 pages • 1 hour read
Iain ReidA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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The protagonist reflects on the fact that she has never broken up with past boyfriends before, so she is unsure of whether her doubts are normal for a relationship. Her past relationships were not strong enough to last beyond the initial period of getting to know one another. This causes the protagonist to consider she may be incapable of maintaining a long-term relationship: “Maybe instead of wondering about Jake, I should be questioning my ability to experience passion” (33).
Jake tells her a story of a night during his childhood when he saw Venus in the sky and was astonished no one around him seemed to care. They begin to discuss space. The protagonist enjoys when Jake explains scientific phenomena to her. Jake states there are no borders in space between the beginnings and ends of things, which makes it unknowable for humans. The protagonist is glad humans don’t know everything. She claims that questions, mystery, and not knowing are good, as they allow for conversation and connection between two people: “If you want to know more about life, how we work, how we progress, it’s questions that are important” (35). Jake laughs in surprise at her response and agrees he likes the idea that questions encourage connection between two people.
After the chapter, the speakers discuss the details of the Jake’s death, including the paint, running water, and locked front door. They consider Jake’s decision to die in the school as selfish.
To pass the time on their drive, the protagonist offers to tell Jake a story from when she took a driving lesson at 16 years old. The instructor, Doug, hands her the keys to the car with a large J on the keyring. Because it is raining heavily, Doug has her pull into the parking lot of a coffee shop to wait out the rain. They begin talking, with Doug asserting that experience and maturity are more important than age. He shares with her a line of Jungian philosophy that states: “The meaning of existence is that life has addressed a question to me. Or, conversely, I myself am a question which is addressed to the world, and I must communicate my answer, for otherwise, I am dependent upon the world’s answer” (42). The instructor gives the protagonist a piece of candy. He opens the wrapper of his own and splits the candy with the protagonist.
The driving instructor explains the candy is from another female student and that he enjoys the literally translated maxims on the inside of the wrapper. Though they don’t make sense in English, he considers them short poems. The protagonist’s phone rings, interrupting her story. She lies to Jake and says it’s a friend, then resumes the story.
During one of his lessons with the girl, the girl confidently tells the driving instructor she is the best kisser “in the world.” The protagonist argues that it is impossible to be the best at kissing, as kissing requires two people. The driving instructor’s mood abruptly changes, and he has the protagonist drive back home. The protagonist describes how she left his car, briefly went inside, then returns before he pulls away and has him roll his window down.
Jake interrupts her story and assumes she kissed the driving instructor. He claims that all memory is fiction because memory changes with each recollection, so her memory is more of a fictionalized story than something that happened in reality.
The protagonist doesn’t correct him about his assumption but reveals to the reader that she did not kiss the instructor. Rather, she read out the candy wrapper’s inscription to him. It is a message of loneliness and a desire for connection.
Jake and the protagonist discuss the benefits of ageing, particularly how it allows an individual to know themselves better. She asks Jake to turn the volume of the radio down and wonders if he is deaf. Privately, the protagonist questions the necessity of being in a relationship. Solitude and independence seem more suited to her way of life, but she still hesitates to end their relationship the more emotionally intimate she feels with Jake.
She asks Jake to describe the lab he works in. She enjoys when he talks in-depth about his work and admires his intelligence. She considers Jake’s identity a “never-ending puzzle.” Jake talks about the idea of critical balance and the inherent fragility of all relations on all levels. She asks Jake whether he has ever felt depression, as she herself has long felt “flat.” Jake admits to often feeling anxiety as a child, particularly an anxiety that one of his limbs might fall off. This stems from growing up on a farm and watching lambs’ tails, bound shortly after birth, fall off from lack of blood.
The protagonist’s phone rings again. She lies to Jake about who is calling then listens to the voice message. This time, the Caller does not speak. She can hear only running water.
The protagonist asks Jake about his last girlfriend, a grad student she has seen around the campus. The protagonist is curious whether the ex-girlfriend considered ending things and contemplates talking to her before making her decision about Jake. Jake responds that they were never truly committed to one another: “It didn’t start out any more serious than when it ended” (68).
The protagonist’s thoughts return to the question of what makes a relationship meaningful to her and whether she should sacrifice her solitude to continue a relationship with Jake: “Is it better to be paired up or alone?” (72). She desires to be known by another person in a way she has never experienced before. Despite this, she believes solitude allows a person to fully know themselves without the influence of another person. She remembers Jake telling her the only photo he keeps in his office is one of himself as a child because it reminds him of how much he has physically changed while holding the same identity.
Reid continues his discussion of ipseity by giving small clues to the connection between young Jake and the protagonist. In Chapter 6, the protagonist’s story about her driving instructor includes a stylized J on the keyring of the instructor’s car keys. This relates to the instructor’s confessed loneliness and suggests the instructor is yet another figment of Jake’s identity being written into the story. The quote by Carl Jung shared through the protagonist centers on the struggle to separate one’s identity completely from social influence. Jung presents the preferrable “answer” to identity as being discovered solely by the self, without influence from others. If an influence is allowed, then one’s identity starts to accumulate influences.
Jake is fascinated by this concept because, in the context of the loneliness described by the driving instructor, he both values a distinct sense of self but longs to alleviate his loneliness. Writing this story and allowing the protagonist to interact with young Jake is his way of seeing if these two opposite ideas of identity formation can be reconciled. In this sense, young Jake represents the possibility of connection with another person while the protagonist, who values her solitude, represents the security of being alone.
Young Jake’s argument for the natural process of the fictionalization of memory illustrates Reid’s overall narrative structure. Young Jake claims every memory is a fiction and grows more fictional each time it is recalled. This demonstrates how Jake himself is fictionalizing his memories through writing to make himself less lonely as he contemplates suicide. In reacting to the protagonist’s description of her driving lesson, young Jake says, “To really know ourselves we have to question ourselves” (43). Writing this story allows him to perform this questioning upon himself.
The connection between questioning one’s self and writing stories is expanded in young Jake’s discussion of space. The protagonist expresses a love for the unknowability of the universe and the circular nature of time when considered on the large scale of the universe. The pair connect the unknowability of the universe with the unknowability of someone else’s thoughts regardless of how intimate the relationship is. To make sense of this theme of unknowability, young Jake claims humans write stories and communicate through symbols. Young Jake is himself a symbol for a figment of Jake’s identity he no longer connects with but wishes he could have changed.
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