Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life

The historical context of Okinawa is helpful for understanding the backdrop of Ikigai. Okinawa, the largest island in the Ryukyu archipelago, has a rich and complex history that has influenced its culture, lifestyle, and the philosophy of ikigai explored in the book.

Historically, Okinawa existed as the independent Ryukyu Kingdom from the 15th to the 19th century. During this period, it developed a unique culture influenced by both Japanese and Chinese traditions, owing to its strategic location for trade. This blend of influences is reflected in various aspects of Okinawan life, including its cuisine, arts, and spiritual practices. In 1879, the kingdom was annexed by Japan and became Okinawa Prefecture, marking the beginning of a new era of cultural exchange and integration with mainland Japan.

World War II had a profound and lasting impact on Okinawa. The island was the site of one of the war’s bloodiest battles in 1945, resulting in massive civilian casualties and widespread destruction. Following the war, Okinawa remained under US administration until 1972, when it was returned to Japanese control. This period of American influence further shaped Okinawan culture and society.

Spirituality plays a significant role in Okinawan culture and is intrinsically linked to the concept of ikigai. Traditional Okinawan spirituality, known as Ryukyu Shinto, is a unique blend of animistic beliefs, ancestor worship, and shamanic practices. This spiritual tradition emphasizes harmony with nature, respect for ancestors, and the interconnectedness of all things. The book Ikigai touches upon these spiritual aspects, particularly in discussing the Okinawan approach to life.

One notable spiritual concept in Okinawan culture is nuchi du takara, which means “life is the treasure.” This philosophy underscores the Okinawan reverence for life and may contribute to their approach to longevity and well-being. The spiritual practice of offering prayers at sacred sites, or uganju, is another important aspect of Okinawan life that reflects the islanders’ deep connection to their environment and ancestors.

Despite its tumultuous history, Okinawa has become renowned for the longevity and well-being of its inhabitants, particularly in certain areas like the village of Ogimi. The island’s subtropical climate, traditional diet rich in vegetables and seafood, strong sense of community, and spiritual practices have all been cited as factors contributing to the health and longevity of its residents.

The concept of ikigai, as explored in the book, is deeply rooted in this complex Okinawan cultural and spiritual context. It reflects a philosophy of life that has endured through centuries of change and hardship, emphasizing purpose, community, and a balanced approach to living. The spiritual aspects of Okinawan culture, such as their reverence for nature and ancestors, contribute to their sense of purpose and connection, which are key components of ikigai.

In Ikigai, the authors draw on this historical, cultural, and spiritual context to explore how these principles might be applied more broadly to enhance well-being and longevity. They highlight how the Okinawan approach to life, shaped by its unique history, geography, and spiritual traditions, has resulted in a population with an exceptionally high number of centenarians.