logo

110 pages 3 hours read

Livia Bitton-Jackson

I Have Lived a Thousand Years

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | YA | Published in 1997

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Chapters 36-40Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 36 Summary: It’s an American Plane! – In the Train, April 28, 1945

As the train rattles on, no one speaks of the events in the valley. When they stop, German voices tell them the Red Cross is handing out soup and to hold their tin dishes out their windows one by one. When Bubi’s turn arrives, a burst of gunfire sends him hurling backwards. Machine-gun fire comes from every direction. Girls in the boxcar are hit, one in the back, another in the face. Bitton-Jackson holds onto one thought, “to live,” and covers her head with her dish (170). She believes the Red Cross was a Nazi trap; they will continue shooting until everyone is dead. Yet she must stay alive. Gunfire rips apart the leg of Lilli, a sixteen-year-old girl who Bitton-Jackson idolizes for her singing ability.

 

The shooting finally stops. Bubi is unconscious but alive. Two of three sisters from Czechoslovakia have been hit. The oldest, Beth, who has a “lame leg,” tends to one. The other has been shot in the back. German soldiers open the boxcar doors and tell the inmates to hide in the woods. Enemy planes are expected to return for another attack. Laura will not leave Bubi. She tells Bitton-Jackson to leave, and suggests she seek shelter under their boxcar. They hear the roar of engines returning and see a low-flying American plane. The Germans were telling the truth, but Bitton-Jackson does not understand why Americans are bombing a train full of concentration camp victims and why the Germans attempted to save them. The planes “spray machine-gun fire in every direction and fly off” (173).

 

Beth realizes her sisters are dead and asks God why she, the lame one, was spared while her beautiful sisters were killed. The planes do not return, and the guards order everyone back into the boxcars. They take away the dead, including Beth’s sisters. Laura tells Beth to remember the Hebrew date of her sisters’ deaths. Bitton-Jackson is amazed her mother can remember such things after what they have been through.

Chapter 37 Summary: Freedom, At Last – Seeshaupt, April 30, 1945

The boxcar doors are left open. The guards do not seem to care if inmates, who have been a week without food or water, escape. Bubi lies with his head in his mother’s lap. Lilli is silent. Beth stares. Two sisters from a Hungarian village sleep. Judy, a Budapest girl, wheezes and gasps for air. Cousins Irene and Martha lie near Bitton-Jackson. Martha has wrapped a scarf around Irene’s injured face. Suddenly, Irene lifts her head, tears off the scarf, and screams she is blind. Her shrieking wakes the others, who try to comfort her. She describes the attack on the boxcars, growing hoarse and confused but talking “incessantly, feverishly” (176). Martha tries to soothe her, but she “is beyond hearing” (176). She talks about her family and hometown. As light filters into the boxcars, Bitton-Jackson sees that Irene’s eye sockets are empty. Irene asks if she sees the beautiful meadow then goes silent. Lilli whimpers for water then slumps over dead. Irene dies in the morning. The train travels on, another day and night.

 

In the morning, the train is standing still. They hear voices. Two men in unfamiliar uniforms stand in the open doorway. Bitton-Jackson cannot understand what they are saying. They leave, and a heavyset man enters. He asks “in a strange Yiddish” if they are Jews (178). Martha asks who he and the men are. He says they are Americans and repeats his question. He asks if they are men or women. The inmates ask where the Germans are, and he says they have surrendered. They tell him they are Jewish women from Dachau. He and the other soldiers help them off the train. They carry the dead onto the platform, crowded with bodies.The American officer addresses a group of German civilians gathered at the station. He asks if they have ever seen such horror, saying, “Your government ... your people bear responsibility” (179).

 

“A middle-aged German woman” tells Bitton-Jackson they had no idea (179). She says it must have been so hard for her, “at her age” (179). She thinks Bitton-Jackson is 60 or 62. Bitton-Jackson says she is 14. The woman shrieks and crosses herself. Bitton-Jackson is free but numb with cold, hunger, death, and blood. “I am fourteen years old,” she says, “and I have lived a thousand years” (179).

Chapter 38 Summary: Homecoming –Šamorin, June 1945

In June, hundreds of thousands wait in refugee camps for repatriation, including the three Friedmanns. A military transport takes them to Czechoslovakia. Bitton-Jackson describes freedom as “exhilarating, intoxicating, and threatening” (180). After a four-day train journey, a farmer drives them in a horse-drawn cart to their hometown, now renamed Šamorin. Their home’s rooms are bare, the floors covered in dust. A “heap of human excrement” lies in the “middle of every room” (182). Their “furniture, bedding, carpets, curtains, pots and pans” are gone, along with their well’s pump (182). Markus is not home. Bubi goes into town to inquire about him while Bitton-Jackson goes to her neighbor, Mrs. Pulitzer, to borrow a broom, and she gives them milk, eggs, and straw to sleep on.

 

Two weeks later, Misi Lunger, a neighbor, tells them he saw Markus on the road home with a man called Weiss from Nagymagyar. A cattle driver agrees to drive Bubi there at dawn. By 10 a.m., Bubi is back, ashen faced. The cattle dealer told him Markus died at Bergen-Belsen two weeks before liberation. Weiss and Lunger did not want to tell him, so they sent him to Nagymagyar. Bubi tells Bitton-Jackson they must observe Jewish law: He must “rend a tear” in her dress, and they must sit shiva (184).

 

Bitton-Jackson feels nothing is left to keep them here. Each day, they receive news of family and friends who have died. As Bubi predicted, the three Friedmanns are the only survivors, which “adds to a deepening sense of isolation” (184). Bitton-Jackson wants to go to Palestine and “live among people who share my inner void,” but Bubi will soon be leaving for school in New York (184). The three Friedmanns “vowed never to be separated again” (185). Bitton-Jackson wonders if she will find in America people who can understand the “total, irreconcilable loss,” “the compulsion to fill the void,” and “the pain of the uprooted” (185). She is not whole without “[t]he Danube, the meadow, the Carpathian foothills, and the town,” but it is not her home anymore (185).

Chapter 39 Summary: ‘America, Will You Be My Home?’ –Šamorin, Autumn 1945

In the fall, Bitton-Jackson returns to school. She is getting used to the “intoxicating sense of freedom” and being a normal girl. Much has changed. Russian soldiers roam the streets. A red-star flag hangs at the schoolhouse. The church bells by which she marked time are silent. Her classmates are strangers, “ethnic Slovaks ‘repatriated’ in a huge ‘population transfer’ from Hungary” (186). Her town is now part of Czechoslovakia. Bitton-Jackson is the only student who was born here, but she is an outsider.

 

Of the one-hundred Jewish families and more than five-hundred Jewish residents, thirty-six have returned. They meet every day in a communal dining hall and speak only of the future, which “lies far from our birthplace” (187). Many wait for permits to Palestine, Eretz Yisrael. Others have family in North America. After seeing Markus’s name on a survivors list, his younger brother in America sends a letter inviting the family to New York. After he learns the truth, he reiterates his offer to Laura. Bitton-Jackson reflects on the irony of going without her father, whose dream it was.

 

They find the jewelry pouch Markus buried. Laura sells a few pieces to pay for Bubi’s board at a new school. Budapest, now the capital of Hungary, is “on the other side of a rather unfriendly border” (189). Laura sews dresses for female Russian soldiers “in exchange for eggs, flour, live chickens, even light-bulbs” (189). Bitton-Jackson learns Russian in school and practices by translating for her mother. She loves the Russians because they fought the Germans, but her Slovak and Hungarian neighbors see the Russians as “crude and primitive occupiers” (190). While helping clean the synagogue, Bubi and Bitton-Jackson find English and Hebrew textbooks, and she begins teaching herself both languages. She thinks of her poems and wonders if Pista Szivos still has them. His Hungarian village is nearby, but she no longer wants her poems. Her whole world “rose up in smoke, vanished” (190). To “retain such passion” for her poems would be “self-gratification” that would “violate the agony of Auschwitz” (190).

 

After hearing of a secret transport to Palestine, Bitton-Jackson no longer wants to go to America, where she fears they will always be foreigners. She tells her mother, but the family agreed never again to separate. They have a family discussion, and the majority—Bubi and Laura—make the decision to go to America.

Chapter 40 Summary: The Statue of Liberty – New York, April 7, 1951

On April 7, 1951, Bitton-Jackson and her mother stand on the deck of a refugee boat as it approaches New York harbor. The Statue of Liberty comes into view, and the refugees let out a cheer. Bitton-Jackson asks if anyone knows the American anthem. No one does, so Bitton-Jackson sings the Israeli anthem. Others chime in, different languages, different anthems, “a cacophony of voices” (194). Bitton-Jackson’s heart is “brimming” (194). She looks at the faces around her, “full of awe and anticipation” (194).

 

The Statue of Liberty, “the grande dame of our dreams now rises resplendent against the first rays of the sun” (194). Laura suggests they get their things so they will not be the last ones off the boat. Bitton-Jackson agrees, “Let’s be among the first” (194).  

Chapters 36-40 Analysis

In the final days of the war, Jewish prisoners face further uncertainty and brutality. Germans transport them through forests and valleys for days without food or water. At the moment of relief, when the Red Cross distributes soup, American planes strafe their train. In the camps, prisoners wore tin dishes tied to their waists, and Bitton-Jackson, whose one thought is to protect her head so she can live, uses her dish as a helmet. She, her mother, and brother survive, but they witness scenes of horrific violence, bloodshed, and suffering. Bitton-Jackson painstakingly catalogues the victims from her boxcar, their names, injuries, and hometowns. As a survivor, she ensures the victims are not forgotten.

As they enter their hometown, Bitton-Jackson sees their battered home and the sign above her father’s abandoned house. The sign causes her physical pain, “sharp stabs” in her stomach (182). Their house is stripped bare. Her father, along with most of the town’s Jewish community, has been murdered. Community members gather together but recognize their futures lie elsewhere. The Nazis have decimated the Jewish population. New spheres of influence control post-war Eastern Europe, whose boundaries have been redrawn, and the townspeople’s’ contrasting feelings towards Russians set Bitton-Jackson and her new neighbors apart. The sense of home and community cannot be recovered. Bitton-Jackson implies she can never be whole again because Somorja, now Šamorin, was part of her, but it is no longer hers.

 

She prefers to go to Palestine rather than America. In Palestine, she can be among her people, whose fate she has shared, which may help fill the void of loss. America would be a persistent reminder of her father, who dreamed of going there. He would show Bitton-Jackson his brother’s postcards and tell her that when they went to America he would buy her “the prettiest dress on Broadway” (188). Ultimately, Laura and Bubi’s practicality—shown at the book’s beginning when they took control of packing for the ghetto—prevail. The family promised never to separate again, and they choose to immigrate to America. The memoir ends at the beginning of Bitton-Jackson’s new life, as her refugee boat passes the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of freedom and new beginnings.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text