43 pages • 1 hour read
Christine DayA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The primary theme in I Can Make This Promise is cultural identity and heritage. A major challenge in Edie’s life is that she does not really know who she is. As she enters adolescence, understanding her identity becomes very important to her. She has known all her life that she is Indigenous, but she doesn’t feel that she fully fits in with either other Indigenous people she meets or with her white school friends. When she meets Roger, who is about her age but more comfortable with who he is, she starts to wonder if learning about her heritage could give her the sense of identity that she feels she lacks.
Edith’s letters show Edie more about her personal heritage and her identity. The connection she feels to her grandmother is strengthened by the fact that they share the same name and closely resemble each other. Edie tries to contextualize Edith so she can better understand her and, in turn, herself. She researches Los Angeles, looks up the films that Edith acted in, and wonders what her life must have been like. However, when Amelia suggests using Edith’s story for the short film the girls are creating, Edie is uncomfortable. She understands that Edith’s story is connected to her own identity, and she does not want it to be exploited or commercialized.
Edie ultimately comes to understand her identity in part through her family heritage. Learning about her grandmother and her mother helps her feel more comfortable in her own skin. She gradually realizes that she will always have a link to Edith, even if her braces change her smile so it no longer matches her grandmother’s. She becomes closer to her parents, especially her mother, once there are no more secrets between them. Lisa explains that she went through a similar process: She felt disconnected from her own heritage until she was able to meet Theodore and hear about her mother.
Through her film about Bruno, Edie expresses the ways her journey helped her understand herself. Bruno has “lost his family” (249), just as Edie lacks a connection to earlier generations. He never finds his original family again, and Edie can never meet Edith and Theodore. In the end, however, Bruno finds a community to love and support him, and Edie grows closer to her surviving family members and her best friend. By understanding her past, Edie is finally able to get a better sense of who she is and where she comes from; this allows her to more fully embrace the present.
On an immediate level, Edie lacks a connection to earlier generations of her family. On a broader level, she also lacks a meaningful connection to Indigenous culture and history as a whole. She does not know what tribes she comes from and has never lived on tribal lands. She has never eaten fry bread, nor does she know of other traditional Indigenous foods. Edie has known that she is different since kindergarten, but that difference has never felt positive or meaningful to her. Her parents have kept her from knowing the more difficult details of Indigenous history, current events, and her family’s history, worried that she might get hurt.
In the absence of good resources for learning about her culture, Edie turns to whatever resources she can find. She asks her mother to take her to see a film about an Indigenous woman because she thinks it will provide her with some kind of valuable insight. Lisa resists seeing the film, but she doesn’t initially explain her reasons to Edie, which leads her to assume her mother is resistant to exploring her heritage. However, Lisa ultimately points out that the film cast a white woman to play an Indigenous character; her discomfort with the film doesn’t reflect a lack of interest in her origins but a rejection of its appropriation of Indigenous culture and of an Indigenous actor who could have played the role.
When Lisa finally starts to open up to Edie about her past, she shares important information about Indigenous history and culture. Edie learns which tribes she comes from, and she visits a park that has long been significant in Indigenous culture. She learns the names of local tribes and begins to participate in events that celebrate her heritage. Edie comes to understand that her culture is rich, vibrant, and alive. She sees her differences from her classmates as positive aspects of her identity that make her who she is and connect her to her roots.
By the story’s end, Edie is integrated into her culture instead of separated from it. She meets Roger again, this time with full knowledge of who she is. The two of them seem likely to become friends, giving Edie a connection to other Indigenous people around her own age. For Edie, family history and cultural history are closely connected. When she learns about her grandmother, she opens herself up to learning about many different elements of Indigenous culture and history as well. Some of those elements, such as the history of the forced adoption of Indigenous children, are painful aspects of generational trauma that directly shaped her life. Others, like the celebration on the beach, are joyful and freeing. Fusing these pieces of her cultural heritage and identity helps Edie feel anchored to something beyond her small group of family and friends.
I Can Make This Promise is a coming-of-age story. As a 12-year-old, Edie is just on the cusp of adolescence. Her life and her internal experiences are starting to get more complicated. Friendships that were once straightforward and happy have become strained. As a first-person narrator, Edie reveals her moods and behaviors without always being aware of their impact on others or of what they reveal about her. She often pushes her parents away, not wanting to confide in them about what she is going through. The distance between Edie and her parents is compounded by her growing mistrust of them when she realizes they have been lying to her.
Edie is at stage of life in which a lot of problems are arising at once. She has to get braces, which are painful and prevent her from eating. Her parents are lying to her about her name and her family history. Her friend Amelia is behaving strangely and is uncooperative when discussing the short film. When her friend Serenity goes camping and Uncle Phil refuses to talk to her about Edith Graham, Edie has no one to turn to. For a while, she bottles up her feelings, reading Edith’s letters alone at night and hiding the box in her room, because she doesn’t believe her parents will give her the answers she needs.
Some of Edie’s problems resolve themselves with time. For instance, her braces stop hurting, allowing her to eat normally again. Other problems, such as her changing friendships, are more complex. Rather than resolving her differences with Amelia, Edie decides that the friendship has to end. This decision requires emotional intelligence and assertiveness: After her repeated rudeness and dismissal of her feelings, Edie recognizes that Amelia is not going to treat her with the respect that she deserves, and she chooses not to remain in the relationship. Resolving her biggest problem, the question of her parents’ dishonesty, requires Edie to be honest with them about what she knows.
When Edie tells her parents that she knows about Edith Graham, her honesty is rewarded. Her parents tell her the truth and accept that she is ready to handle difficult information. Edie’s decision to be honest with her parents and to listen to them without getting frustrated marks significant personal growth. Once she has heard her mother’s story, Edie is able to understand her perspective, even if she doesn’t agree with all of her decisions. Her thinking becomes less binary, and she realizes that her parents’ behaviors were rooted in a desire to protect her, not in malevolence.
Lisa and Edie both feel the impact of adoption in I Can Make This Promise. Lisa’s adoption was not her mother’s choice. Edith Graham was prepared and eager to become a mother. She had the support of her brother and her own mother, a home, and a community. She wanted to raise her child with an understanding of Indigenous life, history, and culture. Had Lisa grown up with her biological family, she would have known about the injustices that Indigenous people face in America. She would have been aware of her uncle’s activism efforts and possibly involved with them. Most importantly, she would have had a relationship with the family that was so excited to raise her.
When Lisa was adopted, she lost the family, childhood, and community that were her birthright. Even though she ultimately reconnected with her mother’s brother, Theo, she never met her mother. She eventually got the chance to learn about her heritage, but only as an adult, and only in the context of her family’s separation. Her choice to raise Edie with a similar disconnection from her heritage in an effort to protect her from the pain of her family’s history reflects the depth of its traumatic impact on her. It is still difficult for Lisa to discuss her past openly. When Edie learns the truth about where she comes from, she undergoes a symbolic reverse adoption, the process by which an adoption is undone due to having been enacted on false grounds. She is brought back into her community and culture, despite having grown up outside it. Her mother also begins to become re-integrated into her birth culture, although she was robbed of the opportunity to grow up in it.
I Can Make This Promise conveys the injustice and oppressive nature of Lisa’s adoption and its multigenerational effects. Taking Edith’s newborn from her after unjustly ruling her unfit reflects a common practice that affected countless Indigenous families until legal reforms began to institute new protections in the 1970s. Previously, actions such as the Indian Adoption Project allowed Indigenous children to be taken from their families and adopted by white people to promote their assimilation; Indigenous people were left with no legal recourse to protect their families and bring their children home. The novel depicts the impact of this situation on one family, demonstrating the effects of discriminatory federal government policies on multiple generations.
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