35 pages • 1 hour read
Richard MathesonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Two years pass in which Neville has continued to study the Undead and live as normally as possible. He spends part of the day hunting for Ben Cortman’s hiding place, but has yet to find it. He has returned to a healthy weight, cut back on his drinking, and fully accepts his life as it is. Neville is fully committed to the present.
While looking for Ben Cortman, Neville notices a woman, Ruth, walking across a field. He is stunned, questioning whether or not she is real. He calls out to her, and when she begins running away, he chases her. When he catches up to her, Ruth fights back. Though Neville yells that he won’t hurt her, he slaps her across the face to stop her fighting him. Ruth stays still and tells Neville her name.
Neville drags a reluctant Ruth to his house; she falls asleep in his bed. He watches her sleep and reflects on his reaction to her sudden appearance. For as much as he’s fantasied about female companionship, he finds that he does not trust Ruth nor is he sexually attracted to her, as her slim figure is “not at all like the woman he’d used to envision” (118). Neville also notices she is wearing a small cross around her neck.
When Ruth wakes up, Neville questions her. She claims her husband died a week ago and that she lost two children to the initial spread of vampiris; however, Neville thinks she only looks 20 years old. He’s visited her alleged town before, but never once noticed her. He tests Ruth by shoving garlic in her face; she vomits from the smell and fears she has been infected with vampiris. Neville has since learned that the allyl sulfide in garlic is an allergen to the bacteria. Ruth explains the loopholes in her story and aversion to garlic by claiming she is sick from grief and overexertion. Neville pours Ruth a glass of whiskey and tells her to stay in the house for safety.
Over dinner, Neville continues to question Ruth, suspicious of her unwillingness to share how she’s survived for so long. He also considers Ruth romantically, disappointed that he feels no sexual attraction for her. Still, he believes that if they had met earlier, “he might have violated her” (124).
Neville answers Ruth’s questions about the nature of the Undead despite his distrust. He explains that their fear of the cross is entirely psychological, as he tested this on Ben Cortman, a Jewish man; holding the Torah before the man had caused him to rage. The Undead also heal instantly, preventing exposure to air which would otherwise kill the vampiris in their bodies. Neville believes his own immunity is the result of having been bitten by a (potentially infected) vampire bat when stationed in Panama.
Ruth listens to Neville’s explanations, then questions if they give him the right to exterminate the Undead and the infected indiscriminately.
Neville sleeps on the couch that night, suddenly waking to find Ruth looking through his peephole at the Undead outside. He mistakes her for Virginia, then quickly becomes suspicious of her again. However, he desperately doesn’t want to be alone again. Neville tells Ruth about the night Virginia returned from the grave and tried to drink his blood. He was forced to stake her chest, then sealed her in a coffin in the cemetery's crypt.
Neville and Ruth embrace; he promises to save her, even if she is infected. He then asks for a sample of her blood to check under his microscope. Ruth is hesitant, but eventually offers some blood. As Neville prepares the slide, Ruth hits him over the head with a mallet, knocking him unconscious.
Neville wakes the next morning to an empty house. He finds a note from Ruth that explains she is infected and acts as a spy for a group of infected who are establishing a new society. She reveals that the group plans to come for Neville, and that he must leave. This group’s vampiris has evolved to withstand sunlight; the members take pills of defibrinated blood to keep themselves alive without human victims.
Ruth implores Neville to save himself because she allegedly loves him. Neville feels betrayed, as “she had lied and smiled and feigned hopeless acceptance” (145) to get information on him.
Since the initial spread of vampiris, Robert Neville has settled into a daily routine focused on the present—his best defense against alcoholism and suicidal ideation. Routine proves effective at negating his need for sex until Ruth appears and disrupts it. Ruth being framed as a femme fatale directly relates to Neville’s struggle with his masculinity and sexual impulses at the start of the novel. Neville has long considered women to be a source of comfort and sustenance, so much so that he allows himself to fall for Ruth despite not being attracted to her or trusting her. In confronting Ruth’s femininity, he is confronting his own preconceptions of sex and women.
Ruth reinforces the novel’s theme of Femininity and Horror by exposing the patriarchal motifs of the horror genre and Richard Matheson’s historical context. Though Neville screams “I’m not going to hurt you” (113), he proceeds to slap Ruth to calm her. What Neville considers harm depends on his context as a man in 1950s America. He frequently evaluates Ruth’s appearance in their short time together, going so far as to comment on his own surprise at not being attracted to her because her body does not fulfill his expectations (118). Yet, had Neville met Ruth earlier, he admits “he might have violated her” (124). This casual mention of rape coincides with Neville’s skewed perception of what is considered physical violence against women.
In objectifying Ruth as a means of sex, Neville assuages his own loneliness to the point of ignoring his suspicion. Because he fixates on the present, Neville is unable to fully conceptualize the implications of Ruth’s questions, particularly in regards to the moral relativism of killing the Undead and the infected (135). Ruth is the symbol of a new society, a symbolic messenger for a new moral code that excludes the Undead and Neville. Morality, as Ruth and the infected use it, is dependent upon societal conditions rather than existing as an objective truth.