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15 pages 30 minutes read

Emily Dickinson

Hope is a strange invention

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1955

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Themes

Optimism Is a Motivating Force

Analyzing Emily Dickinson’s poetry for themes of “hope, encouragement, love, sympathy, [and] kindness,” Anila Jamil and Saira Hassan state that Dickinson addresses the subject of optimism “in a way that inspires reader [sic] and the poet herself to be motivated by her optimism” and to make them “strong and powerful against despair, hopelessness and desolation” (Hassan, Saira, and Anila Jamil. “Representation of Philosophy and Theme of Hope in Dickinson’s Poetry.” British Journal of Education, 2015). In “Hope is a strange invention,” “hope” is described as “never wearing out” (Line 4). Optimism can be defined as a sense of hopefulness about the future. In Dickinson’s poem, hope never ends; it is self-sustaining and regenerative. Hope is in constant motion, “In unremitting action” (Line 3). By calling the action “unremitting,” the speaker implies that hope never gives up. Hope is always looking ahead at the end goal. “Action” implies that there is constant work being done to achieve that goal. Similarly, the speaker describes hope’s “unique momentum” (Line 7). The use of the word “momentum” implies forward movement or energy. Hope is a force constantly pushing onward in pursuit of some desire. As with the reference to “unremitting action,” “unique momentum” illustrates how hope never ceases. Hope is always looking optimistically ahead, progressing forward rather than remaining static or regressing.

Hope Is an Innate Human Trait

In “Hope is a strange invention,” the speaker locates the abstract, intangible virtue of hope within the heart. Hope is identified as a “strange invention” (Line 1), or an odd creation of the heart itself. Hope is labeled as a “Patent of the Heart” (Line 2), meaning that the heart is the creator of this virtue. In the second stanza, the speaker identifies hope as an “electric Adjunct” (Line 5) to the heart. Hope is supplementary to the heart as though it were a part of the organ; hope’s energy constantly feeds into it and receives sustenance in return. In addition to being the central organ of an individual’s circulatory system, the heart is also the center of one’s passions. Hope feeds those passions with its optimism and is subsequently motivated by those passions. Because each human individual has this circulatory and emotional center that is the heart, each individual likewise has the complementary “Adjunct” of hope. Just as emotion and passion are innate to human life and daily experience, Dickinson’s poem makes clear that hope is equally as vital to an individual as well.

Much of Life Remains a Mystery

Dickinson’s poem is an attempt to explain the nature of hope. However, by the conclusion of the poem, it still remains a mystery. All that readers learn by the time they reach the final line is that hope is constantly at work “In unremitting action” (Line 3) with its “unique momentum” (Line 7), and that hope has its home in the heart. Other than this, hope receives no further explication. In fact, just as much space is nearly given to declaring how much is left unknown about hope than to what is known. The poem’s first line identifies hope as “strange,” which implies that there is something unfamiliar, unknown, or peculiar about it. Yet the speaker never identifies the source of this “strangeness.” The speaker even admits in the second stanza that “Not anything is known” (Line 6) about hope other than its “unique momentum” (Line 7). Hope has an idiosyncratic way of moving and working, though the speaker does not describe what is so “unique” about it. The poem leaves readers wondering what they actually know about this virtue. While humans try to dissect and explain the inner workings of their hearts, much remains inexpressible and equally as obscure.

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