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55 pages 1 hour read

Alice Feeney

His & Hers

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2020

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Themes

Truth, Lies, and Narrative

Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses the sexual grooming of adolescents, sexual assault and rape, and physical and emotional abuse.

Starting with its title, His & Hers points to the existence of subjective truths and different perspectives on the same story. Its three points of view belong to “him” (Jack), “her” (Anna), and the unidentified murderer. As red herrings and frame jobs abound, this third voice could belong to various characters, and the mystery is as much a who-is-it as a whodunnit.

The first three sections of the novel, in which we originally encounter each voice, highlight the multiplicity of available narratives and the fundamental unreliability of each. The book starts with (the unidentified) Mrs. Andrews, who explicates the title: “There are at least two sides to every story: Yours and mine. Ours and theirs. His and hers. Which means someone is always lying. Lies told often enough can start to sound true” (2). There are always different perspectives from which to view an event. People can manipulate and distort truth, and consistent fiction compels belief. She claims that “someone is always lying” and highlights humanity’s capacity for self-deception: “We all sometimes hear a voice inside our heads, saying something so shocking, we pretend it is not our own” (2). Without access to absolute truth, it’s hard to pinpoint individual perspectives, even one’s own. Anna picks up this theme in her own words. Thinking about her past trauma and line of work, she says, “Sometimes I think I am the unreliable narrator of my own life. Sometimes I think we all are” (19). The introduction of a literary term, the unreliable narrator, emphasizes that life is always mediated, not only through the stories people tell but also through the available language to interpret them. In Jack’s first section, these philosophical tangles resolve into a concrete problem. Jack becomes the official investigator for Rachel’s murder case. His internal thoughts shape the reader’s perspective on the scene, but he reveals the most important details—that he knew her and was with her the night before—only in the final lines of the section. He continues to conceal this information from his colleagues as the investigation progresses.

The crafting of police and journalist reports deepens the text’s awareness of narrative. In speaking to the press, Jack reads from a “preprepared and preapproved statement” (44). The words are not his own but instead a carefully edited version of the investigation so far. He’s as aware of the people watching the television as those determining what will be shown on it. He thinks, “I would also like to take this opportunity to remind you that this is a crime scene, not an episode of whatever bullshit detective box set you’re watching on Netflix” (44). The reports are initially framed deliberately by the police but then later filtered through the viewers’ own expectations, which have been shaped by fiction. It’s an example of the impact of art on life, similar to Anna’s self-awareness that she is an “unreliable narrator.” Even Mrs. Andrews, not a journalist or detective, approaches the murders as a story, thinking of herself as the author of this “drama [she has] created” (113). Feeney has created a series of interlocking narratives, each shaped by the unreliability of the person telling it as well as by each narrator’s metacognition of their participation in a narrative being interpreted by others.

Identity: Nurture, Nature, and Rupture

Closely related to the theme of truth, lies, and narrative is the theme of identity: nurture, nature, and rupture. Much of the story revolves around the discovery of who people are. In addition to the big revelations—Mrs. Andrews as the murderer and Cat Jones as Catherine Kelly—there are smaller ones as the text reveals new details about the characters’ personalities or pasts. The text presents identity as a constant negotiation between nurture and nature that is complicated by traumatic ruptures, which starkly divide the before and after.

Nature as instinct and heredity plays an important role in character formation. Instinct often precedes logic in alerting characters to danger, and Mrs. Andrews’s drive to kill the women is atavistic. She experiences a primal urge to kill someone who has caused pain and a maternal urge to protect her daughter. Heredity also plays a role. At one point, Jack sees “[his] daughter in Anna’s face, her eyes. People always say that children resemble their parents, but sometimes it’s the other way around” (90). Charlotte died as an infant, but the lines of Anna’s face hint at the child she had been.

It’s impossible to tease apart the effects of nature and nurture in mother-daughter relationships. Jack divides women into two groups: “[T]hose who spend a lifetime trying not to turn into their mothers, and those who literally seem to want nothing more. I often find both varieties get the complete opposite of what they hoped for” (79). He implies that women are made up of innate resemblances, learned behaviors, and counter-reactions to their mothers. The biggest red herring in the text is the material that points to Anna as the murderer. Her thoughts often run along lines similar to those of her mother, whom she physically resembles. As she reflects, “My mother was always fond of boxes […] When I was a little girl, she taught me how to build them in my head, and hide my worst memories inside” (66). Both Andrews women display a remarkable capacity for self-deception, so the idea of Anna as the murderer is credible.

Identity is usually a fluid negotiation in the text, but traumatic events rupture timelines and create dramatic changes. Anna feels as though she’s “lived lots of different lives in one lifetime” (92). Her story is divided into a series of before-and-afters: her father’s disappearance, her history of sexual abuse and assault, and her daughter’s death all change her. However, her character isn’t severed from her past selves so much as brought into new relationships with these ghosts. She sees the same phenomenon in Cat Jones, whom she once knew as Catherine Kelly. In the climax of the novel, she feels “the years fall away and all [she] see[s] is Catherine Kelly in the woods that night, twenty years ago” (273). Trauma doesn’t create a clean slate for the characters; it fractures them.

Toxic Relationships

Not all of the relationships in the novel are solely toxic, but the main ones have, at least, toxic elements. The most loving relationships in the present narrative are between Zoe and Jack and Jack and Anna, but even these display problems. Jack admits to the codependency of his relationship with his sister, and Anna and Jack compulsively hurt one another in their grief over their daughter’s death. The most important toxic dynamics, though, are between the teenage friends and Anna and her mother.

The toxic friendships of the female characters ultimately led to sexual abuse and the traumatic events of Anna’s 16th birthday, but these developed and amplified previously existing dynamics. The girls pressured Anna to lose weight. She took diet pills given to her by Helen and sought Rachel’s approval through self-denial: “Missing out on a little ice cream, and swallowing a few tablets, seemed like a reasonable sacrifice to experience the satisfaction of her approval” (159). They imposed problematic, societal definitions of beauty on the healthy Anna and persuaded her to adopt the unhealthy weight-loss tactic of unprescribed medication. Rachel then started sexually abusing her, and the girls later tried to force her to have sex with men for money. Rachel declared, “You wanted to be part of our gang, well this is what our gang does” (220). These crimes carry echoes of those initial pressures, which compromised Anna’s relationship with her body.

The novel’s largest sleight of hand is the substitution of one toxic dynamic for another as the motivation behind the murders. The past trauma leads to the murders but not as the direct revenge of one of the victims. The novel’s very first lines belong to the murderer: “It wasn’t love at first sight. I can admit that now. But by the end, I loved her more than I thought it was possible to love another human being. I cared about her far more than I ever cared about myself. That’s why I did it” (27). Mrs. Andrews kills the women out of revenge for Anna’s pain and, more forcefully, for her own pain when Anna moved away following the abuse. Her attachment is protective but also obsessive and possessive. There are also indications that Anna developed a similar attachment to Charlotte: “Her whole life was suddenly only about [their] daughter, and nobody could make her see that it was all too much, that she needed to take a step back” (197). Her postpartum relationship with Charlotte contained a shadow of her relationship with her mother.

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