49 pages • 1 hour read
Graeme Macrae BurnetA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Preface-Statements
The Account of Roderick Macrae, Pages 15-37
The Account of Roderick Macrae, Pages 37-59
The Account of Roderick Macrae, Pages 59-83
The Account of Roderick Macrae, Pages 83-96
The Account of Roderick Macrae, Pages 96-112
The Account of Roderick Macrae, Pages 112-126
The Account of Roderick Macrae, Pages 126-133 and Medical Reports
Extract from Travels in the Border-Lands of Lunacy by J. Bruce Thomson
The Trial, First and Second Day
The Trial, Third Day-Epilogue
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Roderick’s memoir begins with an explanation that he is writing at the behest of his advocate, Andrew Sinclair, who has asked that he write an account of his crimes. He explains that he is guilty of the murders, but that he carried them out for his family’s benefit. He goes on to explain the layout of Culduie, which is comprised of nine houses and belongs to the parish of Applecross, a short distance from the town of the same name, where Lord Middleton (who owns the land Culduie sits upon) lives. Roderick and the other residents of Culduie are crofters, or tenant farmers who work small plots of land belonging to the nobility. Lachlan Mackenzie and Roderick’s father have feuded since before Roderick’s birth, and Roderick recounts being frightened of Lachlan as a child.
Detailing his family history, Roderick describes how his mother and father married after becoming close following a shipwreck in which Una’s and John’s brothers were both killed. They first had a daughter named Jetta, who was followed by Roderick within a year. While Roderick’s father is religious, Jetta and Una are both superstitious and claim to receive prophetic visions. Roderick feels that he and Jetta share a special bond, although they have contradictory temperaments, with Jetta being extroverted while he is withdrawn, like their father. They were followed many years later by the birth of twin siblings, who are two years old at the time of Roderick’s crimes.
He describes feeling distant from his peers at school, who bully him for appearing stupid thanks to his reluctance to speak out loud. Nevertheless, he excelled in his studies and recalls a day when Mr. Gillies asked him to stay behind after school and implored him to continue his education after finishing his required schooling, which Roderick refuses on the grounds that he must attend to his family’s croft.
Roderick then pinpoints the beginnings of his crimes at the time of his mother’s death, a year and a half before the murder of Lachlan Mackenzie. Una died in childbirth at age 35. Although the child survived, it was sent to live with relatives in another village. Una’s death cast his family into an inescapable gloom and highlighted his father’s predisposition toward melancholy and emotional distance. Jetta, the happiest member of the family, exhibits the greatest change in behavior as she becomes incredibly depressed. John grows even more fervently religious and regards Una’s death as the consequence of his own sinfulness.
One afternoon Roderick is left to mind the sheep grazing on a plot of land shared among all the crofters. After being stung by a wasp, he goes to a waterfall to wash himself and swim. Distracted from his task, he is surprised to hear a sheep bleating in distress. Quickly dressing, he runs to find the animal slowly sinking into a bog. Grabbing it by the hoof, he pulls the sheep out of the bog but its back leg is injured in the process. He decides to put the sheep out of its suffering by splitting its skull with a peat iron, although he misses on his first swing and mauls the sheep’s face in the process. With dread, he discovers markings on the sheep’s fleece indicating that it belonged to Lachlan Mackenzie.
That night a meeting is held between the Macraes and Mackenzie, who is accompanied by his brother Aenas, at Kenny Smoke’s house. The meeting is mediated by Calum Finlayson, the parish’s constable (a position elected by the crofters to represent the nobility’s interests). Roderick gives an account of how he came to kill the sheep—remaining mostly truthful but downplaying the extent of his distraction—and accepts responsibility for the sheep’s death, offering to “do whatever is required to compensate Mr. Mackenzie for its loss” (34). Lachlan Mackenzie is unwilling to accept this apology and, although Finlayson orders the Macraes to pay Mackenzie the price the sheep would have fetched at market, he desires additional punishment for Roderick, which is denied. The group disbands with John Macrae agreeing to pay Lachlan one shilling a week for 35 weeks.
The beginning of Roderick Macrae’s account quickly establishes a range of thematic elements that the novel builds upon as the story progresses. Notably, the conflict between his father’s Christian religiosity and the folk superstitions that Jetta and Una believe in is an early example of the conflict between various systems that claim to account for human behavior. Roderick notes “a grey pallor” (25) in Jetta’s face shortly before Una’s death that supposedly signifies her precognition of that death. Meanwhile, John believes that his wife’s death is a result of his, or his family’s, sinful behavior. These two accountings of Una’s death, which coexist even as they contradict one another, signal an overarching concern with systems of knowledge that Burnet revisits throughout the novel.
In Roderick’s telling of the incident that killed Lachlan Mackenzie’s sheep, Burnet introduces imagery involving animals that he will return to elsewhere. Notably, Roderick observes that he “felt no pity for the [sheep], only a kind of loathing for its stupidity” (30). This statement, which directly precedes his attempt to save the sheep from drowning in a bog, foreshadows his decision to spare the life of Lachlan Mackenzie’s mother, who he believes is too feeble to comprehend the murders she witnesses. Moreover, it speaks to Roderick’s tendency to hold himself apart from others on the basis of his intelligence, which he alludes to in his assertion that he “cultivated the very characteristics which set [him] apart from” (21-22) his schoolmates. Roderick’s contempt for those he considers beneath him is a key character trait that recurs throughout the novel.
Furthermore, Roderick’s episode with the sheep introduces crows (and birds in general) as a motif used repeatedly in the rest of the book, especially in Roderick’s memoirs. As he struggles to rescue the sheep, he notices a crow “observ[ing] my progress with interest” (30), waiting to feast on the sheep’s eyes should Roderick fail to rescue it. Roderick speaks to the crow and, in its cackling, imagines that the bird is telling him that “he was impatient for his repast” (31). Here the crow’s appearance represents death, and its almost-supernatural understanding that it will soon feast on the sheep’s entrails suggests that fate is at work in Roderick’s killing of the sheep.
More broadly, this literary usage of the crow—in which Roderick personifies the crow and reads human intent into its behavior—reminds the reader that Roderick’s account shouldn’t be understood as a purely factual account of the events leading up to his triple-murder of the Mackenzies. Rather, Burnet intends Roderick’s written account to serve as a literary object that the reader is meant to closely scrutinize for Roderick’s motive and patterns of thought. Roderick’s use of the crow to indicate the sheep’s inevitable fate suggests that he is withholding some other truth—perhaps (but by no means certainly) that he killed the sheep intentionally or somehow acted less innocently than he presents in his recounting.