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18 pages 36 minutes read

Naomi Shihab Nye

Gate A-4

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 2008

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Background

Biographical Context

Of her liberal upbringing, Nye has said, “Well, I felt very lucky, as a child, to have open-minded parents. And I knew they were open-minded, because they were unlike any other parents I met, my friends’ parents. I also knew that they didn’t practice the religions of their upbringings, either one of them. So, this fascinated me, as even a little child, and I would ask a lot of questions; there was no sense of a taboo subject.” The sense of openness that pervaded Nye’s childhood pervades her earlier poems as well, often featuring journeys and a search for the truth. She frequently explores cultural differences and similarities between West Asia and America in her poetry. Though Nye is often associated with her Palestinian-American heritage, she is very much a San Antonio poet who explores the multicultural city’s unique mix of western American, Latinx, and South American encounters. Though her poems are often humanist in theme and content, Nye does not shy away from the thornier aspects of cultural difference. In “Grandfather’s Heaven,” (Different Ways to Pray; 1980), for example, a child states, “Grandma liked me even though my daddy was a Moslem.” Here, the child’s innocent and direct statement alludes to the implicit subtext that there may be something odd or unacceptable about the father’s Moslem origins.

Nye counts her mentor, the poet William Stafford (1914-1993) as one of her biggest literary influences. Stafford’s poems use a measured, compassionate voice and a straightforward diction, qualities observable in Nye’s own work. According to Steve Garrison in the Dictionary of Literary Biography, Stafford “offers a unique way into the heart of the world." Nye’s Palestinian-American heritage and her experience of cultural differences have shaped her own unique world view, which appears in the humanism of her poems. Nye’s poems are nuanced, illuminating the universal through the individual; in “Gate A4,” the particular experience of a Palestinian woman stuck at an airport where few speak her language, sheds light on universal themes of despair, alienation, hope, and kindness. “Gate A4,” like many of Nye’s poems, also emphasizes optimism and hope in everyday situations.

Historical Context

Although Nye explores issues like the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the conflict in West Asia in her poetry, her awareness of herself as a voice for Arab-Americans is more apparent in her work after the World Trade Center attacks in 2001. Since 2001, Nye’s work has especially focused on the need for Americans and Arabs to understand each other. As well, Nye seeks to deconstruct stereotypes concerning people from West Asia. In “Gate A4,” written in 2008, the poet humanizes the Palestinian woman for her English-speaking readers, showing them how the woman’s experiences of confusion, isolation and hope are universal.

To better represent the nuanced reality of Arabs and Arab-Americans after 2001, Nye felt the need to consolidate her poems on the Middle East into one volume.  19 Varieties of Gazelle: Poems of the Middle East was published in 2002 and won much acclaim, including a finalist nomination for the National Book Award. Many of Nye’s collections since then have aimed to form a bridge between different cultures.

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