49 pages • 1 hour read
Amy Belding BrownA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Mary and the other captives are marched through the wilderness by the Nipmuc. After the third day, the boy allows Mary to ride the horse along with her daughter, Sarah. The horse stumbles, throwing Mary and Sarah off her back, and runs away. They continue walking until they come upon an Indigenous settlement with many wetu, or domed huts. Mary is sold to a warrior, Quinnapin, who gives her to his wife, Weetamoo. She falls asleep in their wetu.
The next day, Mary watches Weetamoo care for her infant child. A girl brings Mary gruel, which Mary attempts to give Sarah, who refuses to eat. Mary prays for God to keep her husband, Joseph, safe.
For a week, Sarah is feverish from an infection of her wounds. Mary has nothing to treat it with, and Weetamoo does not help. Weetamoo’s maid, Alawa, gives Mary food and encourages Mary to feed Sarah as well. Sarah’s health continues to decline. One day, Weetamoo forces Mary and Sarah to leave the wetu. Mary wanders over to another nearby wetu, where a woman named Quenêke takes them in. Mary settles near the fire, and that night, Sarah dies in her arms.
The next morning, Quenêke tells Mary to leave Sarah there and return to Weetamoo. All day, Weetamoo keeps Mary busy with chores. While fetching water, Mary goes to Quenêke and learns Sarah has been buried. The tall English-speaking warrior who had freed Mary earlier shows her the location of Sarah’s grave. Mary learns the warrior is a Christian. Mary sobs on his shoulder about her daughter’s death.
Mary is devastated and distracted after the death of her daughter. She thinks about the sewing scissors in her pocket and considers dying by suicide, but she knows it is a sin. One day, her son, Joss, arrives at the camp. She tells him that his sister is dead. Joss tells Mary her other daughter, Marie, is living with another Indigenous family and is healthy, although homesick, and that he is in at the encampment because his enslaver is going to raid the colony in Medfield. He says his enslaver treats him like a son.
When she returns to the Weetamoo’s wetu, Quinnapin tells Mary she has to wash. After bathing, Alawa and Weetamoo dress her in Indigenous clothing. However, Mary keeps her own shift, pocket, apron, and stockings, washes them in the river, and wears them under her deerskin dress.
Over time, Alawa and Mary become friendly. Mary learns that Alawa is an enslaved woman from the Mohawk tribe who was captured by Weetamoo’s warriors during her escape from an English family that beat her.
One afternoon, the warriors return victorious from their raid of Medfield, and the village celebrates.
That evening, Weetamoo tells Mary and Alawa to attend a celebration in the village. At the celebration, the English-speaking warrior gives Mary a Bible. She learns his name is Woaus or James Printer, a “Praying Indian” who has been trained as a printer’s apprentice. She thanks him for his gift.
Over the next few days, Mary realizes that a warrior named Monoco is stalking her around the village. One day, while sitting in the wetu with Weetamoo, Quinnapin arrives with Monoco. When Monoco touches Mary’s hair, Weetamoo angrily tells them to leave. Mary is shocked a woman would speak like that to a man.
A week later, Weetamoo allows Mary to walk around the village. Mary runs into a woman from her village, Ann Joslin, who is very pregnant. They talk. Ann says she wants to run away. Mary begs her not to.
Early the next morning, Weetamoo wakes Mary. They are preparing to leave the village. Mary asks Weetamoo to leave her behind, but Weetamoo smacks Mary and makes it clear she will not be released.
The group leaves that afternoon. At sunset, they make camp on a ridge. Weetamoo does not give Mary any food, and she is forced to scavenge. That evening, her nephew John arrives with his enslaver. John tells Mary that the Indigenous Americans set Ann Joslin on fire after she begged to be released as a warning to the others.
The next day, they continue walking and that evening they make a camp, where they stay for several days. While there, Alawa braids Mary’s hair like an Indigenous woman. The next morning, the party continues hiking. They come to a set of rapids. It takes two days to ferry the whole party across. They continue marching north to evade the English, who cannot cross the rapids. They arrive at a swamp where they make camp. There, she sees James Printer, who gives her some horse liver. However, another woman steals half of it. When he sees Mary eating the horse liver, he says she has “become Indian.” When she objects, he says it is a good thing that will keep her safe.
Mary is starving, as is the rest of the party. One day, while gathering sticks in the woods, James arrives and gives Mary some beef jerky. He tells her that Weetamoo protected Mary from being married off to Monoco. He also tells her that there are rumors Mary’s husband, Joseph, has remarried. Mary learns that Weetamoo is more powerful than Quinnapin because she is the sister-in-law of the important Wampanoag chief Metacomet. James says Mary should take the Indigenous name of Chikohtqua, meaning “Burning Woman.”
Mary begins to run into James more frequently. She learns that he was converted to Christianity by a man named Mr. Eliot and that he was sent to live with Mr. Dunstan, the president of Harvard. Mr. Dunstan arranged for James to work as a printer’s apprentice. She learns James is a widower with two sons. He came to live with the Nipmuc after he was imprisoned by the English in Boston and later on Deer Island. The Nipmuc captured him there.
A few days later, Weetamoo tells her they are going to see Massasoit Metacomet, whom the English call Philip. News arrives that English troops are nearby, and the camp prepares to flee. Mary considers escaping in the chaos, but when she sees James, she decides to go with the Nipmuc.
The second section of Flight of the Sparrow focuses on Mary Rowlandson’s early time in captivity, highlighting the theme of Tensions between Indigenous Americans and English Colonialists. Mary’s relationships with Indigenous Americans and their portrayal by the author Amy Belding Brown are complex. The Nipmuc are not flat characters who adhere to positive or negative stereotypes but rather individuals with their own experiences and motivations. This complexity is best shown in Mary’s relationship with Weetamoo, the Wampanoag leader. Weetamoo is at times portrayed as volatile and harsh with Mary. For instance, Weetamoo does not routinely give Mary food, provides no treatment to Mary’s daughter, Sarah, and ultimately forces Mary out of the wetu when Sarah is on the verge of death. Weetamoo is also physically violent with Mary when Mary asks for her freedom. However, this portrayal is tempered by Mary’s early observation that “she has never seen a woman treat a child so tenderly” when Weetamoo cares for her infant (63). Later, it is revealed that Weetamoo defended Mary by not permitting Monoco to marry her. Although Mary at times resents Weetamo for treating her harshly and keeping her captive, Mary also comes to admire Weetamoo for her leadership and power. When Weetamoo berates Monoco and Quinnapin for attempting to marry Mary off, Mary is “shocked at what she has just seen—a man publicly chastised by a woman” (86). The event leaves Mary with “a welling, if reluctant, gratitude” (86).
The other captives have variable experiences that likewise reflect the complexity of the tensions between the groups. For instance, Mary runs into her son, Joss, at the camp. He is “too thin” and dirty, but otherwise in good health. He reports that his enslaver treats him “like a son” (74), and he expresses excitement about the upcoming raid on the English colonial town of Medford, Massachusetts. Like Mary, he is experiencing Challenges to Religious Doctrine during his time in captivity. When his mother urges him to pray daily, she “catches a twitch of deceit on his face” (75). Joss seems to be enjoying his time in captivity, which foreshadows his lack of interest in or ability to readjust to Puritan life after he returns. Other English colonists do not fare as well. Mary meets with Ann Jospin, who is pregnant and starving. Ann expresses to Mary her fear that the Nipmuc will eat her baby after its birth, and she plans to run away. The superstitious and prejudicial belief that Indigenous Americans eat babies was common among English colonists. Ann is later burned alive as punishment for constantly complaining of her misery and begging for freedom. The differing treatment of Joss and Ann shows that, like all societies, Indigenous Americans in the novel are capable of both great kindness and great cruelty.