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47 pages 1 hour read

Octavia E. Butler

Fledgling

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2005

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Symbols & Motifs

Morality

Throughout Fledgling, Shori Matthews struggles with her sense of Morality and growing willingness to kill for her symbionts. She initially feels remorseful and disgusted with herself for killing her brother’s symbiont Hugh Tang in the cave, despite having forgotten him at the time. She also feels guilty for feeding from Wright and Theodora, failing to recognize her father and brother, and causing humans pain through her bite compulsions. However, other characters recognize Shori as honest and straightforward: “She’s shown herself to be a weirdly ethical little thing most of the time” (162). Yet, her symbionts—especially Wright—still struggle to adapt to their roles in the family. Shori does what she can to put Wright at ease, even while battling her own sense of responsibility. Her Ina duties to her symbionts seem to call for violence, as seen in her killing of several human assailants and Katharine Dahlman. Shori has trouble reconciling her sense of right and wrong with these acts because she has shown herself to be a moral leader. Ultimately, her acknowledging her discomfort with killing is a sign of emotional growth. She is willing to sacrifice her moral superiority to protect her symbionts and fulfill her role as an Ina leader.

The novel also calls into question the morality of the Ina-symbiont relationship in general. Being made subservient to an entire species is troubling for some symbionts. There is also potential for unwilling violence, as seen in the Silks’ control of the humans responsible for the murders of Shori’s family. This violence can even be caused by “good” characters, as seen in Iosif’s instructions to the gunman at the ruins (in order to protect them). This complicates the idea of responsibility and free will—and alludes to the historically forced relationship between enslaved person and master. Enslaved persons had their free will and autonomy stripped away by their masters, and Octavia E. Butler seems to use the Ina-symbiont relationship to show the dangers of this dynamic. In the novel, Ina like the Silks view humans as inferior, animals or tools for their entertainment. Overall, Shori’s humanity and the Ina’s biological reliance on humans suggest that instead of considering any one group of people above another, we should accept that we need each other. We should treat others with compassion, as Shori and the Gordons do, because our differences are what help us survive together.

Language and Labels

After the Council of Judgement is complete, the Silks and Katharine Dahlman must verbally accept their sentences in order to make them official. Although this process simply requires saying “I accept” aloud, the Silks initially refuse, before grudgingly uttering the words. They understand that spoken language has the power to affect reality and set things in motion. Likewise, Shori understands the severity of making a verbal commitment to Daniel Gordon. Without speaking the words, it is an informal intention to mate with him and his brothers; the commitment only becomes real when spoken aloud. Human compulsions must also be verbally given by an Ina in order to make them real; words literally have the power to make humans act or reveal things that they would not otherwise.

Labels also have the power to influence or reflect relationships. Wright initially gives Shori the name “Renee” to convey their close, developing relationship—and his (attempt at a) hold over her. Shori later goes by her birth name as it connects to her past, but fondly remembers being “Renee.” Later, we learn that symbionts are referred to as “[their name] sym [their Ina’s name]” when spoken or written, indicating to whom they belong. Additionally, the novel refers to its iteration of vampires as “Ina,” differentiating them from the traditional monster. Thus, the novel demonstrates that labels reveal character traits and power dynamics.

Deer

Upon waking in a cave, a vulnerable Shori survives by hunting and feeding on wild Deer. She does not know what or who she is, but instinctually knows that she needs meat to heal from her injuries. Later, when Iosif’s safe house is attacked, Shori thinks of the assailants as deer: “He was like the other deer I had killed—just prey. He was my first deer that day…It was almost a relief to use my speed and strength without worrying about hurting someone” (115-16). In dehumanizing the assailants, she dehumanizes herself. She becomes a wild animal intent on protecting her family by killing would-be predators; she is the predator, and they are her prey. In both instances, Shori listens to her Ina instincts and kills to survive. Therefore, deer highlight the lengths she will go to protect her new family. She is both human and Ina, familiar and alien; as such, deer fuel both natural sustenance and inhuman violence. Overall, killing literal and metaphorical deer shows Shori’s growing physical and emotional strength.

Shori’s Necklace

When Shori finds a golden bird Necklace among the ruins of her former home, she immediately puts it on despite having no memory of it. Later, she discovers it was a gift from her Black human mother, Jessica Margaret Grant. Jessica was presumably one of her Ina mothers’ symbionts, the woman who donated her DNA to her and her brother Stefan. She was also the one who chose Shori’s name—that of an East African bird, which explains the necklace’s shape. The novel’s title is a reference to Shori’s name and the necklace, as well as Shori’s emotional development throughout the novel. She begins as a blind, confused girl and evolves into a kind young woman who is strong enough to protect her family—much like a fledging grows feathers and flies from the nest. Thus, the necklace represents both Shori’s ties to her past and her hopes for the future. It signals the emotional freedom that comes with defeating the Silks and protecting her family from Katharine Dahlman. Wearing the necklace will remind her of how much she has overcome.

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