37 pages • 1 hour read
Jonathan KozolA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Kozol is not only the author of the book, he is also a participant-observer in the stories he writes about. He came to know several of the families he wrote about when they were living in the decrepit Martinique Hotel in midtown Manhattan in the mid-to-late 1980s. Other families he came to know when they lived in the South Bronx and were connected to St. Ann’s, an Episcopal church whose priest, Martha Overall, helped the poor.
Kozol is not just a writer; he is also a friend to the people he writes about, and he is also a philanthropist whose foundation helps the people he meets. He does not feign objectivity regarding the people he writes about; instead, he is deeply immersed in their lives, as they are in his. In some of the most poignant passages in the book, he writes about his friendship with Pineapple, whom he met when she was very young. Even at that age, she lectured him about buying a better suit, and she and other people Kozol met, such as Alice Washington, were as critical to helping him as he was to helping them.
Vicky was an emotionally-vulnerable woman who lived in different shelters, among them the Martinique, with her son, Eric, and younger child, Lisette. At a time when she was struggling with anxiety, she was housed in the Martinique and witnessed horrific situations around her and her children. Her mother had died when she was 5, and she was raised by a guardian who made her drop out of school and clean houses from a very young age.
Later, she moved to Mott Haven, in the Bronx, and after that, because of a grant by a church whose members were familiar with Kozol’s work, she moved to Montana with Eric and Lisette. She at first did well and had a steady job, and her daughter did well in Montana. However, trouble followed her struggling son, she began to drink, and her son, without confessing how sad he was, killed himself. She later succumbed to pancreatic cancer and was buried in South Carolina, where Lisette was thriving with her husband and children.
Pietro, whose wife was killed by a jealous lover, lived in the Martinique with his son, Christopher, his own mother, and his daughters, Miranda and Ellie. He later lived in the Bronx, where he tried to provide a good life for his children. He lived with cats and a duck named Oscar in an attempt to provide something fun for his children, and he and his mother always made sure their daughters went to school in clean clothes (even when they had to wash their clothes in the sink because they could not afford to go to the laundry). Christopher dropped out of school and developed a defiance towards his father. Pietro developed a degenerative disease and died shortly before his mother. Christopher served time in jail, and though he had a good job when he came out of jail, he died from a drug overdose. The girls, who had been younger, were able to forge lives and have families.
Kozol first met Pineapple when she was an outspoken kindergartener who nicely told him he needed better clothing and that his black garments conveyed his sense of sadness. She invited Kozol to her family’s new year party in the Bronx, where he met her parents, who were from Guatemala. With the intervention of Kozol and Martha, the priest at St. Ann’s church, Pineapple was able to get a scholarship to a private Manhattan middle school, where she struggled mightily to improve her skills.
She then went on to a private high school in Rhode Island, where she continued to struggle but also continued to improve her skills and overcome the poor education she had had in the Bronx. Her parents and older sister, Lara, also wound up moving to Rhode Island, where her sister attended college. Her father had a problem with his green card and had to return to Guatemala, and her mother also returned there. Pineapple and her sisters, Lara and Mosquito, raised her brother and worked to send him to school. After graduation, the ever-idealistic Pineapple hoped to become a social worker and with Lara, who hoped to be a teacher, improve conditions for children in the South Bronx.
Martha was the priest at St. Ann’s Episcopal Church in the poverty-ridden Mott Haven section of the South Bronx. She had attended Radcliffe, the sister school of Harvard, and worked as a lawyer and advocate for the families in the Bronx before joining the ministry. She was a tough advocate for the families Kozol profiles in his book, but she was also tender and loving. She intervened in their lives to help them gain access to better education, and she became the adoptive parent of Benjamin after his mother died. She is shown as a dedicated, selfless person who works nearly around the clock to help the families in Mott Haven.
By Jonathan Kozol