57 pages • 1 hour read
Laura Ingalls WilderA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The theme of agricultural life and self-sufficiency is central to the novel; it’s embedded in the premise and setting of a farmer boy growing up on a rural farm. Because Almanzo and his family live on a large farm raising both crops and animals, they’re immersed in agricultural life and teamwork, as shown in one of many examples during harvest season:
The oats were ripe, standing thick and tall and yellow. The wheat was golden, darker than the oats. The beans were ripe, and pumpkins and carrots and turnips and potatoes were ready to gather. There was no rest and no play for anyone now. They all worked from candle-light to candle-light (233).
The pastoral setting has multiple barns, animals, and crops, and they require work to keep the farm running smoothly and provide for the family. Almanzo and the others know their roles and expectations, including daily chores like feeding the animals, cleaning their stalls, chopping wood, cooking, planting seeds in the fields, pulling weeds, and cleaning. The women are expected to keep their home clean; turn wool into fabric; sew clothes and blankets; and store, prepare, and cook all their food. In addition, they help the men with various tasks, such as harvesting or churning butter. The men are expected to breed, train, and care for the animals. In addition to leading the farm work, from tilling the land to sowing seeds, the men shear sheep, gather ice for the icehouse to keep food frozen or make things like ice cream and lemonade, collect sap from the trees for syrup, pick berries in the summertime for preserves, and chop and collect wood to heat their home.
The family works with camaraderie to ensure their farm runs as effectively as possible, knowing that they rely only on themselves for survival. Although they enlist the community’s help for certain tasks or barter some goods, they provide for themselves. Unlike in other professions, the farmers’ survival depends on their own hard work, as Father tells Almanzo. Almanzo knows their livelihood is deeply linked to the land. Without agriculture—such as planting and harvesting crops to keep them fed all year—they’d starve. His family works diligently to ensure they’re self-sufficient, changing their methods when needed. For instance, seasonal patterns, such as planting in the spring and harvesting in the fall, regulate their lives and give them cyclical tasks to complete. Father leads them through the lessons of working the land so that they have the best crops they can eat and sell, adapting through early frosts to save their corn and potatoes before they’re ruined. They depend on the land and must never give up tending to it, or they won’t have the resources they need for food, clothing, and warm shelter. Thus, the themes of agricultural life and self-sufficiency occur in every chapter of the novel through the setting and characters’ actions to survive and thrive.
The theme of childhood and coming of age is apparent in Almanzo’s journey to maturity. At the novel’s start, Almanzo is a nine-year-old farm boy, the youngest of his family, who’s viewed as too little and young to complete some tasks, particularly training the horses. He longs for his own colt but can’t convince Father that he’s ready for the responsibility of owning and training a horse yet. Although he isn’t seen as ready for this, Almanzo is expected to complete his daily chores. On the farm, teamwork is essential to survival, and everyone must work hard to tend to the crops, animals, and house. Although children complete mature tasks, from shearing sheep to hauling wood to preparing feasts, they’re still treated as young and innocent. For instance, Father and Mother expect Almanzo and the others to be seen and not heard at the dinner table, to obey their orders, and to attend school to learn. While they have many responsibilities, the kids learn valuable lessons from their mistakes—such as mistakes in training animals—and enjoy free time to pursue the playful activities of youth, like snowball fights, fishing, reading, and other leisure pastimes. Almanzo, as the baby of the family, loves having fun, but he knows work must be done first, an important lesson for his maturity. Work can’t be avoided, or the family will suffer: They won’t have the best crops, the animals will starve, they won’t earn money for their produce, etc. Almanzo values hard work, realizing that he can’t choose to just have fun or avoid things like school or cleaning. He gains responsibility and the mature attitude to keep the farm functioning smoothly through his own abilities.
By the novel’s conclusion, Almanzo has grown from a young, naive boy to a young man ready to decide his future. As the family’s youngest, he starts out as a wide-eyed boy attending school for the first time. He must learn spelling, reading, writing, and math to ensure that he can be a successful businessperson, capable of running his own farm. Thus, when Almanzo complains about school, Father chides him that he can’t do the math to complete a business transaction. After learning math, Almanzo can figure out the price of hay and how many bales they’d need to sell for a certain amount. In another lesson from Father, he learns to negotiate with buyers. When Mr. Paddock offers Almanzo a wagon-building apprenticeship, he doesn’t think he has a say in his future, assuming that his parents will make the choice for him—but he has more control over his life because he has grown into an honest, hard-working, and smart young man who can make his own decisions:
Almanzo squirmed. Father was looking at him too hard, and so was Mother. Almanzo did not want to live inside walls and please people he didn’t like, and never have horses and cows and fields. He wanted to be just like Father. But he didn’t want to say so. ‘You take your time, son. Think it over,’ Father said. ‘You make up your mind what you want’ (368).
His parents see his growth and allow him to choose between self-sufficiency as a farmer or relying on customers as a wagon builder. Both are great options for a livelihood. However, only farming is the right fit for Almanzo, who is seen as a young man now rather than their childish baby boy, which is why he’s finally given his own horse, Starlight.
Since the Wilder family lives on a farm, hard work and perseverance are essential despite the beautiful pastoral setting. Farming isn’t for the faint of heart. In fact, it’s grueling, physically demanding work from dawn to dusk daily. Almanzo and his family hardly ever get breaks in the year; only on holidays and Sundays after church do they take some time to relax instead of work. Still, every day they complete the needed chores, such as feeding the animals, weeding the crops or shoveling snow, and cooking and cleaning the dishes afterward. The benefits of all their hard work allow them to stay self-sustainable. They benefit by having enough food to eat, fresh water, healthy animals, plenty of clothes, warm shelter, and the shared bonding of working as a family unit. Almanzo in particular takes pride in his hard work and appreciates the incredible food that Mother makes due to their harvesting of crops and milking the cows:
Mother sliced the hot rye’n’injun bread on the bread-board by her plate. Father’s spoon cut deep into the chicken-pie; he scooped out big pieces of thick crust and turned up their fluffy yellow under-sides on the plate. He poured gravy over them; he dipped up big pieces of tender chicken, dark meat and white meat sliding from the bones. He added a mound of baked beans and topped it with a quivering slice of fat pork. At the edge of the plate he piled dark-red beet pickles. And he handed the plate to Almanzo. Silently Almanzo ate it all. Then he ate a piece of pumpkin pie, and he felt very full inside (93).
Almanzo loves to eat the food they grow on their farm, which is one of the many benefits of their hours of work. They also make lots of money by selling their healthy crops, butter, and livestock throughout the year. Money, as Father says, is a reward of hard work, teaching Almanzo this lesson through the symbolic silver dollar. Hours of work lead to monetary rewards, which help the family purchase things they can’t make on their own, such as new wagons or new animals like Almanzo’s little pig, Lucy.
Almanzo and his family have intense perseverance to accomplish the immersive tasks needed on a farm—and Almanzo is exceptionally determined. He never gives up on his longing for a horse, working hard to prove himself to Father. Therefore, Almanzo gives his best efforts to his duties. He patiently trains his calves, Bright and Star, for hours; even when Almanzo gets upset, he never hits the animals. Later, when Bright and Star have trouble hauling the heavy timber on the bobsled, Almanzo doesn’t blame them but himself:
[The calves] kept right on running because they liked to run. He could hardly do anything with them that morning. And he was so mad that he shook all over, and tears ran down his cheeks. He wanted to yell at those mean calves, and kick them, and hit them over the head with the butt of his whip. But he didn’t (98).
Again, he doesn’t punish the animals or give up. Although he feels extremely frustrated, he never surrenders. He learns from his mistakes and adapts to the situation, learning not to overload the sled or accidentally push his calves into the deep snow. Almanzo can’t control his animals completely, so he must persist in doing his best. Likewise, when he wants to show that he’s old enough and responsible enough to have his own horse, he resolutely protects Starlight from his cousin Frank; he stops Frank from spooking Starlight because he doesn’t let go of Frank’s leg. In addition, Almanzo completes all his chores to the best of his ability, asking for extra time on the farm to assist Father with every possible task—from collecting ice for the icehouse to training the calves—instead of attending school whenever he can. Almanzo works until he’s exhausted when the family needs to save their potato and corn crops from the frost. These are some of many examples in the book that showcase Almanzo’s essential perseverance.
By Laura Ingalls Wilder
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