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62 pages 2 hours read

Percival Everett

Erasure

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2001

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Chapters 11-14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 11 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses racism, anti-Black biases, and anti-gay biases.

Meanwhile, Monk’s mother’s memory is getting worse, and Lorraine begins a relationship with Maynard. When Monk visits Marilyn, a man named Clevon opens the door. Monk shakes hands with him but leaves soon after. Later, Marilyn tells him that she and Clevon used to date but that they are breaking up.

Soon after, Monk visits a clinic to see if it would be suitable for his mother. He is still uncertain about committing her there. He calls Bill to inform him about this, and Bill says he will send as much money as he can. He tells Monk that he sees his children only one weekend a month. Monk decides to tell Bill that their father had an affair with a British nurse in Korea and that they have a half-sister. Bill says he cannot deal with this information, but he also wonders whether their father left any more clues in that box.

Monk runs into Lorraine and Maynard on the dock. They announce they are getting married, and Maynard asks Monk to be their best man.

Then, Monk recalls the time he spent with his family on Christmas break when he was in his freshman year. He read a paper on James Joyce and argued that his experimentations conformed to conventional forms of narrative. His father admired him. Monk thinks he was not special and feels bad about his father’s favoritism.

Monk visits Marilyn and she tells him she broke up with Clevon. However, she says they slept together on the night Monk saw them. Monk feels bad about this, but Marilyn insists that Clevon means nothing to her. She kisses Monk but when they go to her bedroom, he sees she has a copy of Jenkins’s book. He asks Marilyn about it, and she says she liked it. Monk calls the book “idiotic” and becomes agitated. Marilyn asks him to leave.

Chapter 12 Summary

Μonk helps his mother dress for Lorraine’s wedding. As her disease worsens, she thinks he is Lorraine. Monk is happy about Lorraine getting married, since she would no longer be alone. However, he hesitates to commit his mother to the nursing home, thinking it signals her end.

When they arrive at Maynard’s house, they see him and Lorraine arguing because Lorraine claims that he called her old. Monk learns that Maynard’s daughter hates Lorraine as he talks with the daughter’s husband. The man asks Monk what he does and Monk says he is a novelist. The man immediately thinks Monk is rich and asks what present he is giving to Lorraine. Monk decides to give her $10,000. On hearing this, the man immediately brightens, and Monk thinks Maynard’s family is “mercenary.” Soon after, his mother has another episode and locks herself in the bathroom because she does not recognize anyone. Monk manages to get her out just as the minister arrives for the wedding. Monk takes his mother to the car and tells her the wedding is over. There, she seems more like herself again. Monk calls Bill and tells him their mother must be commit to the nursing home. Bill says that he will come visit her.

Chapter 13 Summary

Monk stays by his mother’s side all night, afraid of what she might do. In the morning, he falls asleep in the kitchen, but his mother manages to make tea on her own. He tells her to pack a bag because he must take her to a hospital. Later, they go on a stroll by the beach, and he tries to explain the situation to her. She talks about Lisa and says she cannot believe she is gone. She also says it was sad that Bill and their father could not get along and wishes she could see Bill’s children more often. She asks Monk why he has not married and tells him he was his father’s favorite. Monk feels that his mother was at that moment “so lucid, so reasonable, so much herself” (202). He tells her that she must go to live in a new place, and she says she trusts him. Some days later, he takes her to the nursing home. When he returns home, he feels its emptiness. Bill calls him and says he has arrived.

Monk goes to meet Bill and sees that he now has blond hair. As they drive home, Bill says he broke up with his newest partner. They visit their mother in the evening, and she does not recognize them. Monk tells Bill not to worry about the money.

Later, Yul calls Monk and tells him a producer is interested in making My Pafology into a film and is offering 3 million dollars for the rights. The producer also wants to meet the author. Monk agrees and says he will have lunch with the producer. He thinks that the novel is not a work of art but “a functional device” (208). He speaks with the editor and tells her that he wants to change the novel’s title to Fuck; he thinks that this will emphasize that it is a parody. The editor agrees.

Monk looks through his father’s box again and finds an address for Fiona’s sister; it is an apartment in New York.

Chapter 14 Summary

Monk feels that he became “a victim of racism by virtue of [his] failing to acknowledge racial difference” (212). He notes that as a writer, he never tried to speak or represent the lives of Black people. Now, his book, My Pafology, resembles the books that he considered racist and he must pretend to be somebody he is not. However, the money is nice, and he is amused by the whole situation.

In the morning, he waits for Bill, who is late because he went out at night and hasn’t returned. When Bill comes back, they are awkward with one another and Monk feels he cannot understand his brother’s language. Monk says he is going to the nursing home to see their mother, and Bill tells him he is like their father.

At the nursing home, Monk looks at the bookshelves while he waits for his mother. He tries to decide what annoys him so much about Jenkins’s book. He thinks that while white people write bad books, too, one single book is never seen as a representation of them as a whole race. Soon after, his mother’s doctor informs him that his mother was having a bad day and they sedated her. Monk imagines that the doctor is Lisa and that she is telling him to go home and that their mother is not suffering. She also says to not mind Bill. When he returns home, Bill is not there, but he has left Monk a note that says, “fuck you.”

Monk prepares for his meeting with the producer, Wiley Morgenstein. Monk practices being Leigh in front of a mirror. He meets Morgenstein at a restaurant. Morgenstein says he loved the novel and laughed with it. He says that he expected Leigh to be different, and Monk asks whether he thought he would be “more Black.” Morgenstein says yes. He asks Monk why he was in prison and Monk says he stabbed someone. Morgenstein is then sure that Leigh is “the real thing” (218). Before leaving, the producer asks for a phone number. Monk laughs and leaves.

Chapters 11-14 Analysis

Monk experiences The Complex Relationship Between Language, Identity, and Art in his conversations with his family. As his mother’s disease advances and Monk feels increasingly lonely and cut off from her, she has sudden moments of clarity when she manages to express her opinion on subjects she never broached in the past. She tells Monk that she misses Lisa and is sorry about Bill’s strained relationship with his father. While Monk appreciates these moments with his mother, his own feelings of loneliness intensify, as well, when he thinks of leaving her in a nursing home. He says: “I tried to consider her coming loneliness, waking in a strange bed, with strange faces, strange food, but instead I thought of my own loneliness” (202). Unable to deal with emotions and language, Monk focuses on woodworking rather than writing.

Monk also struggles to communicate with Bill, who is consumed by his own problems. The fact that they have an unknown sister doesn’t affect Bill. Monk is surprised to notice a change in Bill’s appearance—he has dyed his hair blond. Bill is gradually embracing his identity and is changing, but Monk cannot understand his brother through this process. Their lack of communication makes Monk once again consider the inability of language to provide meaning. As Bill speaks to him, Monk thinks, “I watched his lips and realized I understood nothing he was saying. His language was not mine” (213). Bill senses Monk’s confusion as rejection and leaves angrily.

While language fails Monk as he tries to connect with his family, it also complicates his relationship with his identity and his art. My Pafology’s editors value the novel immensely and promote it for earlier publication, but Monk does not believe it is art. Instead, he thinks of it as a utilitarian item: “The novel […] was more a chair than a painting, my having designed it not as a work of art, but as a functional device, its appearance a thing to behold, but more a thing to mark” (208). In other words, he thinks of the novel as a statement about the state of the publishing industry and the racial stereotypes within which dominant narratives unfold. Monk’s decision to change the novel’s title to Fuck is his attempt to emphasize that the book is a parody and challenge popular culture by revealing its hypocrisy. However, the editors accept the new title without understanding Monk’s intentions. Once again, language and communication fail him.

The theme of Racism in the Publishing Industry and Popular Culture dominates as Monk’s perspective shifts when he realizes the social impact of race. He understands that his own refusal to acknowledge that racism defines and pervades all aspects of culture and society, and his denial to use his art “as an exercise in racial self-expression” ended up making him “a victim of racism,” too (212). While Monk never sought to represent or advocate for his race through his writing, societal expectations and assumptions restrict his artistic freedom. He feels trapped in the rules set by the dominant culture because he wrote a book that reproduces the stereotypes he essentially rejects. However, he continues “[wearing] the mask” of Stagg R. Leigh for the money (212); he also becomes interested in the process despite himself because it reveals the social construction of such stereotypical narratives. His Stagg R. Leigh performance during his meeting with the film producer demonstrates how popular culture reinforces such stereotypes as real. Even though Monk assumes a false identity, the producer calls him “the real thing” because Monk’s persona fits into the producer’s preconceived notions of Black masculinity (218).

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