18 pages • 36 minutes read
Margarita EngleA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
One motif in Drum Dream Girl is dance. Dance has an intimate relationship with music. For instance, the rumba is a dance from Cuba that has gained international popularity in the ballroom scene. Rumba dance in the “outdoor cafés” (Line 22) is created in conversation with the music, rather than simply a set of steps learned in a studio (like an Arthur Murray studio). The girl feels a dance rhythm while simply walking around her “city of drumbeats” (Line 13). The “dancing tap / of her own footsteps” (Lines 33-34) is inspiration for the music she hears in various daily places that translates to music in her dreams.
She is also inspired by the “towering / dancers” (Lines 40-41) who perform at carnivals. The stilt-dancers are vertically illustrated, and the text is rotated so it matches the illustration. The movement of the book here to see the dancers and text—as well as the high-flying dancers themselves—can be compared to the movement of her hands while drumming, her fingers and palms “seemed to fly” (Line 60) on drums. At the end of the poem, the public approval of the girl’s playing is linked with dance. Her audience “sang / and danced / and decided / that girls should always / be allowed to play / drums” (Lines 97-102). Drumming talent and skill is determined by its ability to inspire dancing.
The drums are the most overt symbol in the poem and the distinct types of drums found in Cuban music and in the girl’s dreams comprise another motif. How these drums are played is a key part of Engle’s descriptions of drums; drumming is a physical act (as previously mentioned, a dance of sorts). For instance, when the girl watches male drummers, Engle’s descriptions associate conga drums with “pounding” (Line 5), and associate bongó drums with “tapping” (Line 6). When the girl begins to play drums, she “pounded / all the rhythms / of her drum dreams” (Lines 63-65). The repetition of “pound” illustrates the physicality of drumming, translated from the visual to the kinetic (from watching to doing) for the girl.
From the title, Drum Dream Girl, the reader understands that dreams will play a key role in the overarching meaning of the poem. Engle crafts something of a standard tale of overcoming adversity in Drum Dream Girl. The titular girl has dreams of becoming something “everyone” (Lines 11, 50, 95) told her she could not, simply because she was born a girl. Despite the lack of support, she believes in herself and never gives up on her dream, signifying her staunch character and the depth of her dream. Many people would simply move on or give up a dream that seemed impossible in the face of societal conflict, but the drum dream girl is successful due to her unwavering perseverance. The concept of making one’s dream a reality is a motif found in many children’s stories and fairytales; it is this very notion that allows Engle’s poem to be such a successful, poignant story for young readers.
By Margarita Engle