48 pages • 1 hour read
Jeff KinneyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The Diary of a Wimpy Kid stories rely on Greg Heffley remaining fundamentally the same so that in each installment his misadventures stay tonally and structurally consistent. He does not learn lessons or change his behavior to account for new information. Even when, for example, he thinks about past times when he has been punished for lying, it doesn’t prevent him from continuing to lie. The humor of the Wimpy Kid books results from the familiarity of structural and tonal consistency, which would be disrupted if Greg learned his lesson. If Wile E. Coyote catches the Roadrunner or Elmer Fudd gets Bugs Bunny, the joke won’t work. Similarly, much of Greg’s appeal as a protagonist lies in his inability or unwillingness to learn from his mistakes. Greg represents a moment in many people’s pre-adolescence where social survival and self-interest are the most important motivators, rather than intrinsic strengths of character such as Perseverance and Commitment, or Friendship and Loyalty. The series’s engagement with these themes is predicated on a perspective that willfully disregards them.
Double Down finds its humor in exaggerating Greg’s flaws, while simultaneously highlighting its own values—such as the importance of imagination. Greg is utterly disinterested in all of his parents’ hopes for him. He is not academically engaged and is not interested in preparing for his future, though his mother hopes he will “become an engineer or a doctor or something like that” (129). He does not want to do chores, and he certainly does not want to commit to playing the French horn. In those senses, he is not able or willing to make a commitment and stick to it. Greg is very similar to his brother in this way, although Rodrick Heffley is even less willing to persevere or apply himself to any task. Ironically, the lengths to which Greg is willing to go to avoid commitment itself demonstrates the perseverance of which he is capable, producing a humorous and satisfying punchline for the story.
Although Greg does not want to do the things that his parents think are important, he does have the ability to make a commitment and stick to it when it’s valuable to him. He studies psychology because he wants to talk to a girl. He uses all his cunning to get into the school band because he wants to attend a Halloween party. Of course, neither of these efforts proves ultimately successful. He is able to be ambitious, but he does not yet know how to make that ambition come to fruition, and that very failure provides the foundation for Double Down’s comedic success.
In the end, Double Down’s humor results not because Greg cannot make a commitment, but because he lacks the ability to understand consequences. He prioritizes commitments that do not actually yield much benefit while ignoring opportunities that might get him closer to his goals, and the readers’ ability to recognize that disconnect brings them in on the joke. Of course, Greg is still very young. His perpetual misadventures are inherent to his current stage of personal development. Unlike real middle-schoolers however, Greg’s fate as a fictional character is to be forever stuck in pre-adolescence, making the same mistakes in each successive iteration of his story like Wile E. Coyote and Elmer Fudd before him. Greg’s laziness and propensity to get himself into sticky situations are what make him who he is as a consistent, recognizable, and even relatable character for young readers.
As a loyal friend who clearly cares about Greg and wants to be appreciated by him in return, Rowley Jefferson serves as a foil, highlighting Greg’s flaws for comedic effect. Rowley is a recurring character whose friendship with Greg remains more or less consistent throughout the Wimpy Kid books, fulfilling the traditional sidekick role of classic comedies. Compared to Greg, Rowley is kind, but also quite passive. He defers to Greg’s opinion on almost everything, even when the resulting situation makes him unhappy, which allows Greg’s mistakes and mishaps to take center stage.
Through Greg’s friendship with Rowley, Kinney highlights a common element of middle-school life in which one frequently defines themselves against their peers. Greg doesn’t always appreciate or respect Rowley or their friendship. Because Greg’s diary is an opportunity to make himself look good, he often puts Rowley down so that he looks better by comparison. For instance, at the beginning of Double Down, he refers to Rowley as a “doofus” (5), and calls Rowley “even more of a chicken than [he is]” (40) because he finds the Spineticklers books frightening.
Greg sees Rowley as an accessory to his plans and desires. He often pressures Rowley to participate in various schemes, including making him change his Halloween costume so that Greg can attend the Halloween party. Greg does not consider Rowley’s comfort or even his safety as long as his own plans are unimpeded. In most scenes, Greg is not really a good or loyal friend to Rowley, which serves the comedic premise of the series. Despite his shortcomings, their connection remains strong across each book, which becomes its own type of loyalty between them, maintaining the familiar comedic dynamic between a protagonist and his sidekick.
There are some moments when the friendship between Rowley and Greg does seem to be based on a degree of mutual respect and shared interests. The two boys seem to genuinely enjoy making their horror movie together, even though Rowley sometimes becomes “white as a ghost” (201) when the concepts in the movie make him feel afraid. Greg is prepared to make changes to the script and the filming setup to make Rowley more comfortable, an uncharacteristic moment of compassion and selflessness that underscores their connection and friendship and encourages readers to root for them.
Greg’s friendship with and loyalty to Rowley is, in part, grounded in a sense of comfort with the familiar and a resistance to change inherent in the comedic premise. Although the friendship between Rowley and Greg is not always based on respect, Greg is loyal to Rowley: He does not want to make new friends. Greg is particularly uninterested in befriending Maddox Selsam, partly because he is unsettled by the ways in which he and Maddox are different—specifically that he doesn’t play video games, a self-defining pursuit for Greg. Greg actively resists a friendship that his mother thinks might have a good influence on him because he fears his mother will take away his access to video games. With Rowley, Greg can remain the familiar version of himself he’s always been.
Double Down often calls into question the relationship between Greg’s reality and his various fantasies and illusions, creating a rich metanarrative, as Greg’s story is fictional and therefore inherently illusory. Most notably, Greg wonders if his entire life is actually a television show. He also says that he suspects that his little brother, Manny, is “a puppet being controlled by an adult who was hidden from view” (9). The narrative is ambiguous as to how serious Greg is about these fantasies allowing readers to enjoy the richness of Greg’s imagination and explore the ways in which his fantasies help him make sense of his world.
Greg suspects that he might be constantly under audience observation—on a television show, by aliens monitoring Earth, or because his dead relatives are watching over him—pointing to a fundamental human desire to be seen, known and understood. His concerns about being observed also signal a pre-adolescent self-consciousness. He is a keen observer of his own behavior, as he wants to be considered cool and popular among his peers. However, Greg does not always delineate clearly between reality and illusion: He appears committed to his television fantasy, and he believes that the horror movie that he makes with Rowley has the potential to turn them into millionaires.
When Greg lies, he blurs the boundary between Reality and Illusion. Greg sees no problem with dishonesty, even though his lies have gotten him into trouble in the past. He justifies his lies in part because other people also lie to him. Because he admits to lying to everyone around him, his role as the narrator of his own story is necessarily called into question. Double Down may be, in part, Greg’s fantasy version of his own life in which nothing that happens is ever truly his fault, and his adventures are always funny and narratively satisfying. The book never clarifies to what extent Greg is unreliable; readers can use their judgment to come to a conclusion.
Both Greg’s fantasy that he is under observation and his commitment to writing in his diary signal attempts to establish his own significance and value. Greg says that he deliberately alters his behavior for the benefit of his imagined television audience. In the original Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Greg states that he has decided to keep his diary so that when he becomes rich and famous, people can read his diary instead of asking him repetitive questions in interviews. The stated purpose of his diaries emphasizes Greg’s desire to be seen as significant. He’s prepared to editorialize his own life for the benefit of a future audience and to make himself look cool. For Greg, reality and illusion are flexible concepts as he learns to define who he is and what is important to him in his life and in the world.
By Jeff Kinney