49 pages • 1 hour read
Danzy SennaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses racism, suicide, and substance abuse. It includes racist terms for Black and biracial people in direct quotes from the source material.
Jane Gibson, a 40-something Gen X writer and professor, is a biracial woman who lives in Los Angeles with her husband, Lenny, and their two children, Ruby (age eight) and Finn (age six). Lenny is a Black painter whose abstract works don’t sell because he refuses to depict Black people.
Jane is pushing her son, Finn, on the swings at the park on a hot February day. While she pushes him, Jane thinks about how the pediatrician had advised they get specialized treatment for Finn’s behavior. Things have been difficult in the past year for Jane and Lenny, financially and emotionally. On the car ride home from the park, Finn tells Jane about life on “the Finn planet” he believes he comes from (8).
Jane and the family are house-sitting for Jane’s friend, Brett, for the year while he is in Australia working on a television show. They have been bouncing from house to house in the LA area for the past decade.
Jane had written a well-received first novel. She needs to publish her second novel, a sprawling historical exploration of “mulatto people,” to get tenure at her job. She has been working on it for almost a decade and is making a lot of progress while working in Brett’s home studio.
Jane met Lenny at a party in Brooklyn when she was 32. She had been living in New York City for a decade. She longed to have a family that looked like the biracial family she saw in a Hanna Andersson catalog. She called her white mother for advice, but her mother said Jane was better off without men. Jane’s parents were part of the first generation of interracial couples who were legally allowed to marry, and they had a bitter divorce when Jane was a child.
Before the party, Jane had called a psychic named Wesley Brown on her sister’s recommendation. The psychic had told Jane she would meet her future husband at the party and described a man similar to Lenny. When Jane saw Lenny at the party, she was excited, and they began talking, even though he was there with a white woman. Lenny was intrigued when Jane said she wrote about “mulattos.” Later, Jane called Wesley, and he advised her to make Lenny fall for her, or she would never find a husband.
Jane and Lenny had two children soon after marriage. When the kids were younger, they liked to watch “colored television” together after the kids had gone to bed. This is what Lenny called the trashy television shows aimed at Black audiences, like Tyler Perry’s shows and Black Entertainment Television (BET)’s Hell Date.
Jane goes to her office on campus to get an article called “The Other Man” by a white sociologist named Hiram Cavendish about “mulattos” in the United States. She has decided to include primary documents in her novel. In her office, she sees a wooden plaque that says “Make It Worse” that a student, Rick, had given her years after her class. Rick had gone on to become a successful television writer, and he credited this advice Jane had given him about one of his stories—to make the scenarios worse to heighten the tension—for his success as a writer.
After getting the article she was looking for, Jane begins to leave the office building when she catches sight of Kay, a colleague, in an office down the hall. Kay is brushing her teeth and clearly living in her office. Kay had been demoted from the tenure track after she failed to finish a book. Startled, Jane runs away.
Jane returns to Brett’s studio and reads the article. Cavendish describes how every “mulatto” experience in the United States is singular. Jane cuts up the article and includes excerpts of it throughout the novel manuscript. When she is done, she gets into bed with Lenny and tells him the manuscript is almost finished. He sleepily says, “Keep this mulatto girl writing” (47).
Jane finishes her book manuscript in March. She immediately sends it to her agent, Honor. Then, she opens an expensive bottle of Brett’s wine and goes into the living room to tell Lenny. He is proud of her. Jane imagines how her former self (“Brooklyn Jane”) would have seen this moment: in a beautiful house (although not her own house), wearing a beautiful muumuu (owned by Brett’s wife), with a completed manuscript, a handsome husband, and children. Jane and Lenny have “book-completion sex” (54). While they have sex, Jane imagines “Brooklyn Jane” watching them from outside the window.
The morning after receiving the manuscript, Jane’s agent calls her and tells her she loves the book and will be forwarding it to the publisher, Josiah, with whom Jane published her first book. Although Jane is skeptical, Honor has already read the manuscript, and she is pleased at the news. Ever since finishing the book, things have been better between Jane and Lenny.
Jane and Lenny host a birthday party for Ruby in late March. They hadn’t been able to throw a proper birthday party for Ruby in years because they had no money or space to do so. Brett’s house intrigues and impresses the girls’ mothers, which Jane implies is their own. Jane worries that they will think the Frozen Baskin-Robbins sheet cake they got Ruth looks cheap. Jane had bought Ruby an American Girl doll, an extravagant purchase for them, as a gift, and Jane is eager to give it to her daughter. Jane had selected Addy Walker, an American Girl who was born into enslavement and sought freedom in the North. Ruby begins opening presents, and she is visibly disappointed when she sees the Addy doll.
Then, the magician arrives. Jane notices Ruby isn’t watching the magician. She goes upstairs to find Ruby crying in her room. Ruby tells Jane she doesn’t want the doll—not because it’s a Black girl but because the point of American Girl dolls is to collect them and their outfits, and she knows they will never be able to afford more than one. Jane understands Ruby’s distress because Jane also grew up as the child of poor, starving artists with more “culture” than cash. Jane comforts her and asks Ruby if she wants to rejoin her party with her friends. Ruby replies that the guests aren’t her friends, just girls that Jane had invited on her behalf.
In the opening section, author Danzy Senna explains the meaning of the title Colored Television. “Colored television” is what Lenny calls the “Black trash” television shows that the couple watches after the kids have gone to bed. The text specifically references Tyler Perry, whose low-budget television shows and films for Black audiences rely on sweeping tropes and melodrama, and a BET show called Hell Date. Jane characterizes this moment as a time when “they could be their true selves” (36). This foreshadows Jane’s trajectory in the novel’s narrative. Although she aspires to create high art in the form of literary fiction, she feels most herself when watching a show that “feel[s] like the opposite of a teachable moment” (37). Given that this is her perspective on low-brow television that deals with racial tropes, it is unsurprising when she finds herself drawn into the world of television writing later in the novel.
Colored Television is written almost entirely in a limited third-person perspective from Jane Gibson’s point of view. Jane is a deliberately unlikeable protagonist who follows an arc that makes her something of an antihero. Throughout the novel, she increasingly lies, is shallow and judgmental, and neglects her relationships. She descends from the integrity and honesty depicted in this first section of the novel into increasingly unethical behavior. The author shows elements of her personality in this section that prefigure her character’s descent. For instance, when Jane goes to the office to pick up the article “The Other Man” by Hiram Cavendish, she sees her colleague, Kay Franken, who is living in her office. Kay is an embodied cautionary tale for Jane and introduces the theme of Balancing Artistic Integrity and Financial Security. If Jane fails to complete her second novel, she will be bumped off the tenure track, obliged to pick up a heavy teaching load like Kay, and have less financial stability. Perhaps she will also end up living in her office. However, instead of comforting or commiserating with Kay, Jane gives in to the “childish instinct” to run away. Through Jane’s initial actions, Senna establishes her character as having immature and inconsiderate personality traits.
Senna weaves excerpts from the article “The Other Man” by Hiram Cavendish throughout the novel. Hiram Cavendish is a white fictional sociologist who “seemed to have accomplished very little else in his life beyond this exhaustive study of mulattos” (46). In Chapter 3, Jane decides to cut up the article and insert excerpts from it into her manuscript. In a representation of this, Colored Television itself includes “excerpts” from this article sporadically. These excerpts provide some realism to a novel that otherwise has many satirical or comical aspects. As Jane herself notes, these excerpts “bring to the story the distanced, anthropological voice it needed” (46). The excerpts clarify how the challenges Jane faces as a biracial person are tied to the historical challenges of biracial people in American history. This is not the only time that Senna “lampshades,” or highlights the storytelling method she used to write the novel; this is something the author does in later sections of the text as well.
Jane and Lenny, as artists, both face the challenge of navigating artistic integrity with the need for financial security. As members of Gen X, they are both preoccupied with the idea of “selling out.” At this point in the novel, Lenny holds to his artistic integrity and his reluctance to accept The Commodification of Racial Identity to sell his paintings. Despite Jane’s “half joke[s] […] that adding a little emblem of Blackness” would help him sell his paintings, she recognizes he “wasn’t that kind of person” (10). Likewise, Jane persists in her ambitious novel regardless of its commercial marketability. However, Senna shows an early indication that Jane is more swayed by the need to commodify racial identity in the advice she gives to a student who went on to write for television. She advised him to make a story of coming out as gay more dramatic and over-the-top to make it “brave storytelling.” This is analogous to what the producers of the trashy prank show Hell Date would do to push a subject to the edge to capture the trauma on their face for entertainment. Jane will use these compromised principles of storytelling, drama, and entertainment when later pursuing her goal of writing for television.