74 pages • 2 hours read
Kamila ShamsieA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Raza watches a helicopter leave the A&G compound, carrying Harry’s body back to the United States. Raza assumes that the Afghan gunman was part of the group who came to pledge allegiance. Raza heads back to his room and longs for home, thinking of Karachi before the violence of the last 20 years.
Raza asks Steve to go to New York, as Kim promised to delay the funeral until he could arrive. Steve refuses to let Raza go and asks Raza why he thinks the TCN are loyal to A&G. Raza says that the TCN are desperate for money and loyal to one another. Steve asks Raza about his own allegiance, noting that Raza could get a high-paid job in translation anywhere he wanted, and Raza says that he was loyal to Harry. Steve tells Raza that he was there when Raza blamed Harry for Sajjad’s death and accuses Raza of signaling the gunman to fire, misinterpreting Raza’s signal to the cricket players. Steve also knows about Raza’s call to the mujahideen commander, who is in fact a known supporter of the Taliban, and heard Ismail call Raza “Raza Hazara” on the phone. Steve threatens to track down Ismail if Raza doesn’t confess. Raza asks to call the A&G lawyers, but Steve says no one will believe him.
Raza escapes through the secret tunnel in his room, taking a bag of money. Raza emerges from the tunnel into a room with a jeep and considers driving to his cousin in Pakistan but fears the bounty hunters there. Raza imagines the damage that Steve will do to Raza’s friends and family as he tracks Raza down. Raza knows that the truth—that he was trying to help an innocent Afghan man escape the United States—will seem suspicious. Raza decides to drive to Abdullah’s brother Ismail.
Hiroko arranges through Omar the taxi driver to meet Abdullah at the New York Public Library. The last time Kim tried to call Raza, Steve answered the phone and told them that Raza wasn’t coming back any time soon. Enraged at all the secrecy, Kim told Hiroko about Raza’s request to help Abdullah.
At the library, Hiroko explains to Abdullah that she is Raza’s mother and that Raza is half-Japanese and not Hazara. Abdullah believes Hiroko, and the two connect over Abdullah’s reading material: pictures of Kandahar, Afghanistan before the wars. Abdullah tells Hiroko he wishes to live in the Afghanistan of the past, a feeling she understands. Abdullah marvels that Raza was not Afghan but was still willing to join the mujahideen, and Hiroko is too ashamed to tell Abdullah the truth—that Raza was only pretending. Hiroko is devastated that Raza didn’t show up for Harry’s funeral and that she hasn’t heard from Raza since.
Abdullah explains that he was with the mujahideen until the Soviets left Afghanistan, but he returned to Karachi when the violence in Afghanistan continued as the Taliban took over. Seven years ago, he came to America to earn money for his family, including a son whom he has never met. Mid-conversation, Abdullah guides a drunk man to a seat, and Hiroko is convinced of his character.
Raza reaches Kandahar, where Ismail lives, disguised under a burka. The men offer to take Raza to a nearby shrine, but Raza explains that he will go alone. While driving, Raza finds that Kandahar looks nothing like how Abdullah described to him when they were boys, noting the scars of war across the landscape.
Raza meets Ismail at the shrine and tells Ismail that the Americans may be looking for him, but Ismail is unconcerned. Ismail tells Raza that Abdullah’s son is named Raza, too, after him. Raza asks Ismail if he supports the Taliban, and Ismail explains that the Taliban drove out politicians who abused the women and young boys of Kandahar. Raza presses further, and Ismail admits that he is willing to make sacrifices in exchange for peace and that life without music is worth seeing his sons grow up. Raza asks Ismail about his daughters under Taliban rule, but Ismail does not answer directly. Raza turns to go, having only intended to warn Ismail about the Americans, but Ismail calls Raza, desperate on behalf of Abdullah. Ismail explains that Abdullah has to meet a ship in Canada that will take him to Europe; then Abdullah will travel overland to Iran and across the desert to Afghanistan. Raza, realizing that Steve will never expect him to go to the United States, asks Ismail to smuggle him into Canada, where his childhood fried Bilal lives, and where Hiroko would be able to meet him.
Kim waits for the movers in Harry’s apartment in Miami, surprised to find Persian carpets, antiques, and bookshelves filled with poetry and fiction. The doorman arrives to announce the movers and tells Kim that his brother also works for A&G and that Kim should be proud that Harry died working to find al-Qaeda operatives. Kim snaps at the doorman, frustrated by her inability to get a hold of Raza. Kim finds Harry’s key to Raza’s apartment, which is in the same building because the A&G headquarters are nearby. Kim goes to Raza’s apartment and finds the cashmere jacket that James gave to Sajjad and Sajjad gave to Raza. Kim tries on the jacket and finds a handful of dead rose petals in the pocket. Kim offers Harry’s whiskey to one of the movers, who declines. Kim asks the mover if he doesn’t drink because he is Muslim, but the mover explains that he is not allowed to accept gifts from customers and that he is Italian, not Arab. Kim says that there is nothing wrong with being Arab, and the mover reminds Kim that the Guantanamo Bay detention center is just across the water.
Kim arrives home to find Hiroko talking with Abdullah. Kim treats Abdullah coldly, even when he offers condolences for Harry’s death. Abdullah leaves, and Kim confronts Hiroko, who plans to drive Abdullah to Canada herself. Kim thinks it is too dangerous, since Hiroko has a Pakistani passport, and decides it will be safer for her, a white woman, to smuggle Abdullah across the border. Hiroko doesn’t want Kim to do anything that she doesn’t believe in, but Kim asks Hiroko if she wants Abdullah “to have the best chance of being safe or not?” (335). The next morning, Hiroko remembers that James said almost the same thing to convince Sajjad to leave Delhi.
Though tensions remain high, Shamsie’s novel enters its falling action after Harry’s death as the chain of cause-and-effect approaches the inevitable events hinted at in the Prologue. Shamsie even reminds the reader of the Prologue by explicitly mentioning the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Kim’s interaction with the mover. Kim and Raza are set up in counterpoint, each the youngest member of their respective family, and Shamsie uses each character to explore what has and hasn’t changed about generational attitudes towards cosmopolitanism over the last 60 years. Meanwhile Hiroko is frustrated in her attempts to intervene by both Raza’s secrecy and Kim’s self-centeredness, as well as her own trauma-inflected identity and forces entirely beyond her control.
Kim in Miami is reminiscent of James in India; she is capable of kindness toward a man she perceives as Arab (which is in itself a troubling reduction of the many various Arab identities) only when she is in a position of power. Kim is not able to muster the same kindness for Abdullah, even though she has been told explicitly that he is innocent. Kim trusts her own intuition over Raza and Hiroko’s reassurances, assuming Abdullah’s flight from the FBI indicates his personal moral deficiencies rather than considering that Abdullah might not be fairly treated by her own government. The Italian mover’s offense at Kim’s assumption of his nationality only serves to emphasize the racially charged paranoia of post-9/11 America, which also recalls Yoshi Watanabe’s rejection of the German Konrad Weiss. While certainly critical of American attitudes in particular, Shamsie is careful to note that nationalism of any kind, in any nation, is antithetical to cosmopolitanism and inhibits both interpersonal intimacy and global peace.
Ismail’s defense of the Taliban is not a suggestion that there is any moral ambivalence about the catastrophic Islamic extremist regime. Rather, it serves to echo Harry’s justifications of American violence. Ismail has the peace he needs for farming, but at what cost, and for how long? Shamsie suggests that violence only ever ensures more violence in the end. Even Steve’s accusation of Raza as Harry’s murderer mirrors Ilse’s accusation of Sajjad as Hiroko’s assailant—an innocent gesture is interpreted as malicious through the lens of prejudice. Even though international relations have changed drastically since World War II in terms of trade, espionage, and political power, Shamsie posits that very little has changed in terms of how well individuals relate to each other across cultures.
With the image of the long-forgotten roses in James’s old cashmere jacket—Sajjad’s dream fully abandoned by Raza—Shamsie creates a physical link between Kim and James and indicates how good intentions gone awry will define the final scenes of the novel and how truly understanding one another is the necessary precursor to being able to help one another.
By Kamila Shamsie
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