60 pages • 2 hours read
Alice HoffmanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
For more than 200 years, the inhabitants of Blackbird House experience trauma and sorrow as well as love and new beginnings. One thread uniting the narrative is that love is a powerful motivator in times of difficulty but can cause people to make questionable decisions.
Love provides inspiration through suffering. Coral Hadley first demonstrates this when she refuses to accept that her family is dead and toils tirelessly to cultivate a farm that John would have wanted. The intense physical labor that Coral undertakes is a sign of love and a coping mechanism for her loss. Likewise, love propels Vincent to make the long journey home, although he doesn’t realize it until he reaches his destination. Seeing the farm, “[h]e thought about how love could move you in ways you wouldn’t have imagined, one foot in front of the other, even when you thought you had nothing left inside” (21). Vincent sees the connection between his mother and himself: Love led them both through pain. A similar connection between parent and child surfaces in “The Token.” Distraught over the death of her husband, Ruth is paralyzed. However, when Garnet approaches her with the means to leave, Ruth agrees. Without Garnet’s prompting, without her love, Ruth would have remained at the pond’s edge. The moment she puts her hands in her daughter’s, Ruth knows she can move on. Along with Coral and Vincent, Ruth shows how love can guide people through dark times.
Love can also be the impetus for acts of sacrifice. In “The Witch of Truro,” Lysander and Ruth never declare their tenderness for each other, but his actions make his feelings clear. Learning that Ruth longs for a red pear tree, Lysander sets out on a quest to find one. When he returns, “[w]hat he didn’t say was that he would have gone farther still if it had been necessary […] He would have kept on even if snow had begun to fall” (37). Lysander knows that he would have gone to the greatest lengths necessary to please Ruth. His actions are motivated by love, as are those of John Hadley: “[His] last act was to roll the molasses barrel to Vincent so he could float with it” (17). Amid the storm, a father sacrifices his own life to give his son a chance to survive. Instead of trying to share the barrel as a flotation device, he surrenders it to Vincent, demonstrating his love.
Despite the altruistic inspiration that love can provide, however, it can compel people to make questionable decisions, as it does Violet West. As a young woman, Violet becomes desperate for Ewan Perkins’ affection, believing that she’s in love with him. After presenting Ewan with singed bluefish scales, she watches him intently: “I thought about his hands on me. I thought I could make a lie into the truth” (85). Her brain first registers her desire for him and then immediately rationalizes what she has done. Violet believes that she can turn fiction into reality simply because she loves Ewan. Many years later, Violet finds herself in a battle with her grandson’s new wife, a tug-of-war for Lion Jr.’s affection. The elderly woman attempts to make Dorey miserable enough to leave Lion: “[She] did all this because she loved Lion in a way she loved no one else in the world, save for Lion’s dead father, whom she had loved just as fiercely” (118). Fueled by adoration for her grandson, Violet makes questionable decisions to drive his wife away. Her love for him is so “fierce” that she can’t see until it’s almost too late that she can share Lion with Dorey.
As the residents of Blackbird House demonstrate, love’s blinding power can be both beneficial and destructive: It can lead the way through suffering, drive someone to make sacrifices, or compel a person to make rash decisions. Regardless of the circumstance, love proves a powerful motivator.
Hoffman’s novel untangles the stories of many people throughout time, linking them by one thing: Blackbird House itself. The constant setting speaks volumes about the power of a location to influence people’s lives and identities, and the novel’s structure reinforces this theme.
Setting greatly impacts the characters’ identities and sense of self. The most literal example of this, in “The Witch of Truro,” begins with the notion that “[w]itches take their names from places, for places are what give them their strength” (23). Names are one of the first signifiers of identity, so monikers based on physical location inextricably link identity to place. Ruth’s given surname is Declan, but everyone calls her Ruth Blackbird Hill because that is where she grew up. Less literal than name is the influence of place on identity. When Maya begrudgingly returns home after her father’s death in “India” she realizes that her path in life has led her back home: “I had gone in a circle, trying to escape myself […] I said the word ‘forever.’ There was nothing to stop me. If I said it over and over again, I might come to believe it” (172). In trying to escape herself, she attempts to leave Blackbird House behind. However, acknowledging her path as a circle indicates that she truly has no escape: She’ll always return to the same place. The notion of eternity indicates that this place will always be a part of her identity.
The novel’s structure reinforces this theme by toggling between first- and third-person perspectives, as well as through details that bring the novel full circle. Most chapters use a third-person perspective; however, three switch to the intimate first-person point-of-view: Garnet in “The Token,” Violet in “Black is the Color of My True Love’s Hair,” and Maya in “India.” These three characters share the pain they bear while at Blackbird House. Garnet endures her mother’s terrifying grief. Violet anguishes over unrequited love. Maya suffers poverty and neglect at the hands of her parents. Meanwhile, the rest of the novel zooms out to a broader perspective, showing that the impact of the events at the house extends far beyond individuals. The entire town steps up to help Coral Hadley in “The Edge of the World,” while Billy Griffon can’t draw himself away from the Stanleys’ tragedy in “The Pear Tree.” The perspective shift works as a reminder that place impacts not just one person or family but the entire community.
In addition to the shifting point-of-view, Hoffman works in details that bring the narrative full circle, even 200 years later. In “Wish You Were Here,” Emma reads of whales that could “chart the way home through centuries, even when the landscape changed, when inlets were filled in and dike roads were built where once there had only been water. For them, the map remained the same” (219). The whales, which couldn’t return home if land replaced water, are a metaphor, not only for Emma’s return to the house but also for its connection to all its residents. They’re drawn to Blackbird House because it’s a part of them. The novel punctuates this notion through Emma’s encounter with the boy in her yard: “She saw something there she used to feel herself and had forgotten about until this exact moment” (224). Their shared location breeds familiarity; the house has shaped all who lived there. Blackbird House unites people, not only literally but across time, as it has the power to influence identity and connect communities.
Blackbird House is the backdrop for many forms of tragedy and suffering. Through this adversity, however, most of the characters survive and move forward, demonstrating how their experiences make them stronger and more resilient.
The Cape’s harsh landscape requires perseverance and adaptability. “The Witch of Truro” paints a picture of the barren, sandy geography and notes, “From every bitter thing, after all, something hardy will surely grow” (23). Literally, life springs up in the most desolate of environments, but this idea also reflects the human capacity to endure trying circumstances. Ruth exemplifies this when she persists despite losing her parents and her beloved home. “The Wedding of Snow and Ice” continues to use the landscape as a manifestation of human resilience in the description of the property the Farrells bought: “The two-acre field [was] rampant with those damned sweet peas, purple and pink and white, strong as weeds, impossible to get rid of” (134). The sweet peas, planted by Coral Hadley as a sign of the love she shared with her husband, are indestructible; despite the Cape’s harsh conditions, the plant still thrives, and because it’s emblematic of the Hadley’s love, it also represents love’s ability to endure. In both instances, nature mirrors the human capacity to survive even the harshest conditions.
Ruth and Coral are just two of many characters who overcome hardship and tragedy. Most notable is Lion Jr.’s wife, Dorey. As a survivor of Hitler’s reign of terror in Europe during World War II, she has the stamina to surmount any obstacle. Physical scars that are “the color of blood that can’t be washed away and [represent] things that can never be undone” are visual reminders of the trauma she endured as well as the perseverance to overcome it (129). Although scars will always be present, they indicate healing and the body’s ability to mend old wounds. When Violet sees Dorey’s scars, she understands that she’ll never outlast Dorey in a battle for Lion’s love and decides to end her battle. In addition to Dorey and the many folks who overcome adversity, Emma brings this theme full circle in “Wish You Were Here.” As an adult, she has grown bitter and lonely, often bemoaning the hand she was dealt in life. Nevertheless, when she returns to Blackbird House, Emma regains her sense of self despite facing a dreaded disease, divorce, and the certainty that she can’t have children. Instead of selling the house, she opts to keep it, reclaiming the strength she had as a child. When Callie leaves, Emma says, “‘I’m not going with you […] I’ve got to stay’” (221). In resolving to remain at the house, she emphasizes her resolve to also reclaim herself and not let disappointments overtake her. The final character in a long line of survivors, Emma highlights the act of rising up when life is challenging.
This theme draws on a legacy of human resilience in art, such as Betty Smith’s A Tree Grows in Brooklyn and Tupac’s “A Rose that Grew from Concrete.” As a result, it’s neither surprising nor unbelievable that so many residents of Blackbird House endure trauma and survive: They represent the universality of human suffering and humankind’s ability to adapt and thrive.
By Alice Hoffman
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Beauty
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Family
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Fate
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Good & Evil
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Grief
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Magical Realism
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Mortality & Death
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Romance
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The Past
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