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66 pages 2 hours read

Eoin Colfer

Artemis Fowl

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2001

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Symbols & Motifs

The Book

Each fairy carries a small copy of the Book that contains the sacred rules of “the People,” referring to their society. Its opening lines assert importance: “I am thy teacher of herb and spell. I am thy link to power arcane. Forget me and thy magick shall wane” (27). Some lines from the Book like this one convey a sense of the history of the People, whose lives are much longer than humans’ lives.

The Book sets the parameters for fairies’ actions; it also provides a means by which Artemis can exploit them. Specifically, it lays out a rule that fairies cannot enter human homes without their permission, ensuring that the LEP cannot simply storm Fowl Manor and save Holly. Likewise, the Book requires that fairies be good guests and listen to their hosts, so Holly must stay within the halls of Artemis’s home as long as he wishes.

Artemis is the first human to translate the Book, a task so difficult that “[t]he average adult would have been reduced to slapping the keyboard” (25). His ability to do so is an early testament to his determination and intelligence, especially since the Book is “not for those in mud that crawl” (28). Additionally, his knowledge of content not in the Book ultimately allows him to subvert the time stop, utilizing even older legends of magic in order to do so and baffling the LEP.

Altogether, the Book provides the rules for the interchange in which Artemis and the fairies engage; each side pushes at these limits in order to succeed. For example, Root sends in Mulch, since he has long since forfeited his magic. Likewise, Artemis very clearly tricks the fairies when he says, “None of your race has permission to enter while I’m alive” (156). Testing these rules shows the importance of the operation to each side. The Book symbolizes the rules of engaging with different people; Artemis’s desire to exploit these rules subsequently symbolizes Destruction Resulting from Human Greed.

Environmentalism

The environment and environmentalist concerns are a frequent motif of the novel. The threat to the environment serves as a symbol of destruction at the hands of humans, one to which fairies are especially attuned. This is because “[f]rom the earth thine power flows, Given through courtesy, so thanks are owed. Pluck thou the magick seed […] And bury it far from where it was found, So return your gift into the ground” (64). There is a deep ancestral connection between the People and the planet. Additionally, those LEP officers sent up to the surface often take advantage of opportunities to fly through the fresh air, given that they are cooped up underground and are continuously pushed deeper and deeper by humans’ drilling. This contributes to the resentment fairies feel for humans.

When Holly flies to complete the ritual, she sees dolphins whose skin has been ruined by pollution. Even Commander Root, whose brusque exterior prevents him from showing empathy for much, notices that the whaler on which Artemis hides Holly’s locator is “a floating eco hazard” (106). These and other concerns for the environment and its natural creatures throughout the text contribute to the theme of Destruction Resulting from Human Greed and allows the author to make an argument for ecologically conscious action.

Artemis himself does “not like whalers. There were less objectionable ways to produce oil by-products” (113). The fairies would likely be surprised that Artemis has such a stance on the matter, as it is a direct contrast to the image of humans they have when it comes to the environment and the treatment of nature and its creatures. It is also not an entirely novel position; Artemis still seems in favor of oil, generally, and his emotional manipulation of Holly is something that he knows is “undeniably cruel” but, nonetheless, is something he is willing to do, suggesting that perhaps he is not so different from whalers. By the end of the novel, He does, however, wrestle with his own actions, and shows change in this area: Near the end of the story, he does not force Holly to cure his mother, which he could, given the rules of the Book concerning guests and their hosts. Rather, he barters for his wish, finding a “less objectionable” way.

Irish Myths and Legends

In addition to its importance as a setting in Artemis Fowl, the imagery and symbolism of Ireland is vital to the novel. Written by an Irish author, the story offers vivid imagery so that readers can more easily visualize the setting. However, Colfer also utilizes Irish myths and legends to create his story, suggesting that the fairies in his novels are the same fairies with which readers would have familiarity. One especially prominent example of this is the leprechaun. In Artemis Fowl, the term “leprechaun” evolved from the Recon division of the Lower Elements Power, known shorthand as “LEPrecon,” which sounds like “leprechaun.” Likewise, the old Recon officers’ uniforms were those of a green suit and hat with a buckle, perpetuating the image of the leprechaun in popular memory.

The legend of the leprechaun itself provides a baseline for Artemis’s desire to extract gold from the fairies. This legend, in which the Irish “somehow got it into their heads that each fairy lugged around a pot of gold with him wherever he went,” does not have a factual basis, but Artemis quickly discovers that the LEP has a hostage fund of gold that he can extort in order for Holly’s return.

Ireland is also painted as “the land where time began” and a place that offers an unusual number of sightings of fairies (68). Colfer creates a mythology in which it is possible that, dating back to the earliest humans and fairies, there is shared kin between the two races. Consequently, the fairies have a particular for affinity toward the Irish as a people.

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