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45 pages 1 hour read

Franz Kafka, Transl. Willa Muir

Amerika: The Missing Person

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1927

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Character Analysis

Karl Rossmann

Amerika’s protagonist, 15-year-old Karl, is a naive boy from Prague. Despite the advantages given to him from birth, he is meek, naive, and self-doubting. He constantly questions his decisions and ignores his instincts, which contributes to some of the disastrous situations he finds himself in. He is embarrassed by the cause of his exile to America: He was “seduced” (3) by a maid named Johanna Brummer and fathered a child. When Karl thinks about Johanna, he admits to having no feelings for her and describes their relationship as a one-night stand.

However, Karl is generally a moral character who wants to do the right thing and holds himself to high standards of conduct. He tries his best to learn English to impress his uncle. When he gets a job as a lift-boy, he wants to start right away: He laments having to stop his career training in Europe “without anything to show for it” (95) and wants to avoid a similar fate in America.

In terms of work, Karl wishes to use his engineering training but never has a chance to do so until the novel’s end. He is disappointed to learn that lift boys don’t need to know anything about how elevators work. He still sees himself as an engineer despite American society framing him as an unskilled laborer.

Karl is attached to his parents and misses them despite their decision to exile him. He acts out of kindness and righteousness—and is repaid with misunderstanding, resentment, and suspicion. When Karl helps a drunk Robinson, he sacrifices his chance to improve his life through a respectable job and returns to a life of degrading labor as Brunelda and Delamarche’s servant. It’s only when Karl joins the Theater of Oklahoma that anyone considers what he would like to do rather than simply forcing him to accept a life that falls far short of his expectations.

Edward Jakob

Edward Jakob is Karl’s maternal uncle. He is a prominent businessman and state councillor with a highly successful transportation company in New York City. Initially, Karl does not recognize their relation because his uncle changed his surname.

Jakob describes his long stay in America and his detachment from his family in Europe. Despite his reserved nature, Jakob exhibits strong emotions at times, such as when he meets Karl on the Hamburg-America line—“dabbing” at his face “with a handkerchief” (18). When departing the ship, Jakob also hugs Karl, comforting him before he begins his new life.

Jakob proves serious and work-oriented. He wants Karl to adjust to American life as quickly as possible and seems to be preparing him for the world of business. He tells Karl to stay away from his family, saying that there are a “few home truths about his parents and their ilk” (19) that he will disclose someday. However, these secrets are never shared as Karl is soon exiled from his uncle’s home.

Prior to Karl’s second exile, Jakob warns his nephew not to waste time and teaches him the value of industry. Sometimes, Jakob is subtler in his lessons—which leads to his and Karl’s falling out. When Karl leaves to visit Mr. Pollunder, he senses that his uncle is upset, but does not grasp the gravity of the situation—that his uncle has motives and nuances that may not align with those of his business partners.

Delamarche and Robinson

Delamarche (a Frenchman) and Robinson (an Irishman) are the two unemployed men who become Karl’s temporary family after his second exile and firing from the Hotel Occidental (which they caused). The trio spends their first day together walking to Butterford, with Delamarche and Robinson forcing Karl to pay for their meals. As the two men discuss their plans, it becomes clear that they do not even agree on the future: Delamarche wishes to stay in Butterford, while Robinson dreams of heading forth to California’s “goldfields” (75).

Karl describes the two men as “not terribly clean” (82), but still remains in their company. Even after their suitcase-related argument, Karl considers Delamarche someone “with whom one could perfectly well get along” (106).

Being a con artist, Delamarche lies to Karl about pooling their wages—which the latter disagrees with but does not refute. Delamarche also cons Brunelda into buying an apartment for them. On the other hand, Robinson is a “blabbermouth” (163) and drunkard. He is more pitiful than Delamarche, as he, like Karl, is forced into servitude by Brunelda and Delamarche—but he is also manipulative. It is likely that Robinson wanted to get Karl fired so that he could be his replacement.

The Head Cook and Therese

Grete Mitzelbach, the Head Cook at the Hotel Occidental, is a generous elderly woman from Vienna. She once worked in Karl’s hometown of Prague, and out of a sense of kinship, she offers the young man a private room and additional advantages. She tries her best to help Karl during his confrontation with the Head Porter and Head Waiter, but is unable to stop his firing. When Karl is leaving the hotel, the Head Cook gives him a card that will allow him a place to stay and reassures him that she is not “abandoning” him—that he needn’t “worry about the future” (129).

Therese Berchtold is an 18-year-old woman from Pomerania. She is an illegitimate child: Therese’s American father sent for her and her mother, but left for Canada shortly after without explanation. Therese’s mother died when she was still a child. Therese was initially hired to work in the hotel kitchen but could not handle the exhausting work. The Head Cook began training her as her secretary after being impressed by her napkin folding. Therese and Karl become close despite the former initially thinking the latter was hired to replace her.

Despite her traumatic past, Therese still retains a sense of dignity and sympathy, and is able to navigate her tough life with hope for the future. After Karl’s firing, she tells him that the situation could not have turned out better. Karl realizes that Therese sees him getting away at all a victory, whether “in honour or in disgrace” (129).

The Head Cook and Therese are two of the few characters who show genuine kindness toward Karl.

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