60 pages • 2 hours read
Neil GaimanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In a short epigraph, an expert in American folklore poses the question of what happens to the “demons” and supernatural forces that immigrants to the United States brought from their home countries.
Shadow Moon is in prison for three years for aggravated assault and battery. Due to his size and strength, he has survived prison without being troubled. He has spent his incarceration learning coin tricks and reading Greek histories recommended to him by Low Key Lyesmith, a “grifter from Minnesota” (12) with whom he shared a cell for a short time. In the run-up to his release date, the guards’ strange mannerisms and questions about Shadow’s wife Laura confuse Shadow. Two days before his release, Shadow is summoned to the warden’s office. The warden informs Shadow that Laura died in a car crash, and as an act of compassion, Shadow is being released early.
In shock, Shadow travels to the airport as a storm gathers outside. On the plane, he falls asleep and dreams about a man with the head of a buffalo. The man warns Shadow that he must “believe […] everything” (22) if he wants to survive. In another dream, Low Key warns that someone in the prison is trying to kill Shadow. In St. Louis, Shadow gets a connecting flight. He is unexpectedly placed in first class and sits beside a strange man with a beard and a “pale suit.” The man makes conversation, eventually offering Shadow “a perfectly legal job” (24). Shadow refuses: He does not know how the mysterious man knew his name or that he would be on this flight. Shadow insists that he has a job already, working in a gym belonging to his friend, Robbie. The man does not believe him. He offers condolences for Laura’s death, and Shadow fights his urge to punch the man, who then reveals that his name is Mr. Wednesday.
Wednesday promises that the job offer is well-paid and legal. Shadow declines again and, when the plane lands for a layover, Shadow exits quickly, keen to escape Wednesday. Shadow rents a car to drive the final 250 miles to Eagle Point, where Laura’s funeral will take place. When he takes a break from driving, he stops at a bar to eat. Wednesday is already inside, and he reiterates his offer.
In an interlude, an African American sex worker in Los Angeles lights a candle beside a small statue of a woman with “enormous hips.” As her client pays, the sex worker reveals that her name is Bilquis. They begin to have sex, and she tells the client to “worship” her. The man calls out her name in prayer. When he opens his eyes, he realizes that he is being consumed by Bilquis. As she devours him, he continues to worship her.
Wednesday tells Shadow that Robbie is dead, and Shadow’s job offer is “dead too.” Shadow reads Wednesday’s newspaper and learns that Robbie died in the same car accident that killed Laura. Despite his job no longer being available, he continues to decline Wednesday’s offer. When Wednesday persists, Shadow pretends to gamble the answer on a coin flip. He tries to rig the coin toss, but his usual tricks do not work; Wednesday wins, and Shadow is left shocked.
A tall, redheaded man named Mad Sweeney joins Shadow and Wednesday. As Wednesday fetches drinks to seal the job agreement, Sweeney talks to Shadow and reveals that he’s a leprechaun. Wednesday returns with a pint of mead, referring to it as “the drink of the gods” (33). They drink together to signify that Shadow has accepted the job as Wednesday’s driver, bodyguard, and general assistant. In rare instances, Wednesday says, Shadow may be required to hurt someone. In the event that Wednesday dies, Shadow will be required to maintain a vigil for him. Since he has lost the coin toss and has no other prospects, Shadow accepts. They spit in their hands and shake to seal the deal.
Shadow becomes drunk and watches Sweeney perform a trick with a “large coin, golden and shining” (35). When Shadow demands to know how the trick is done, Sweeney offers to fight him and goads a reluctant Shadow into a fight. Shadow beats Sweeney but then passes out. When he wakes up, he finds himself in the back of a moving car with Wednesday at the wheel. Shadow tries to remember how he got into this position and how he acquired the “slightly sticky” gold coin in his pocket. When they stop for gas, he cleans up. At the counter, Wednesday scams the clerk and walks away with $50. In the car, Wednesday admits that he is a con man, as well as “other things.”
Shadow visits the funeral home and meets Audrey, Robbie’s wife. Audrey spits in the face of Laura’s dead body and reveals that Laura and Robbie were having an affair, hence why they were in the same car accident. Shocked by the revelation, Shadow attends Laura’s funeral. He throws the mysterious gold coin into her open grace and says “sorry” to her, then returns to the motel to meet Wednesday. On the way, he encounters an angry Audrey. Then, an unseen assailant places a cloth soaked in anesthetic over his mouth, and Shadow passes out.
Shadow recovers consciousness inside a limousine. His hands are bound, and a teenage, acne-ridden boy sits opposite him, flanked by guards. The boy quizzes Shadow about Wednesday, insisting that Wednesday is old and “forgotten.” Insisting that Shadow pass along this message, the boy dumps him out of the car. Before speeding away, he offers his condolences for Laura’s death.
At the motel, Shadow tells Wednesday about the incident in the limousine. Trying not to think about Laura, he falls asleep. He dreams about “forgotten” gods who have passed from living memory, and he wakes up in a panicked state. When he wakes, Laura is on the edge of his bed. She is dead but has been revived. While Shadow wants to ask her about her affair with Robbie, she thanks him for taking the fall for her and going to prison. Laura explains that she and Robbie both missed Shadow so much. She did not intend to leave Shadow for Robbie, but she admits that she did have an affair. Now, Laura says, Shadow needs someone to watch over him. She thanks him for the gold coin that he threw into the grave. When she kisses Shadow, her breath smells “of mothballs” which lets him know that she is really dead.
Shadow leaves and knocks on the door to Wednesday’s room. As he knocks, he is struck by the sense that an “enormous crow” has flown through him. Inside the room, Wednesday is dressed in a towel and displeased at being interrupted. He explains that he was meeting with the motel’s receptionist. Shadow tells Wednesday about Laura and wants to leave Eagle Point. Returning to his empty room, he goes to bed and cries in “painful, lurching sobs” (53).
In one of the novel’s Coming to America interludes, sailors from Scandinavia travel to America in 813 CE. When they land in North America, they praise the “all-father” and give thanks to their pantheon of gods. They build a hall, drink, sing, and praise the thunder in this new land. When an Indigenous individual approaches them the next day, they hang him in a sacrifice to the all-father, Odin, by hanging him from a tree just as Odin once did in their legends. In the following months, however, the body disappears from the tree, and the sailors are captured by a force of 500 warriors. The sailors are tortured to death and forgotten until, 100 years later, Leif the Fortunate makes a similar voyage. When he lands, he discovers that Odin and the other gods from Scandinavia are “already waiting for him” (55).
Shadow and Wednesday drive to Chicago. Along the way, they stop at a house belonging to three Zorya sisters (Zorya Vechernyaya, Zorya Utrennyaya, and Zorya Polunochnaya) and Czernobog. Zorya Vechernyaya joins Czernobog in expressing displeasure that Wednesday has visited. However, they are intrigued by Shadow. The four Slavic characters come from the “old country,” where Czernobog killed cows at an abattoir. He had nearly been forgotten in his homeland, he tells Shadow, and in America, he is just a memory.
Wednesday tries to recruit Czernobog for a mysterious plan, but Czernobog declines. Weeping, Czernobog claims that Wednesday would be better served by his now-departed brother, Bielebog. Czernobog explains to Shadow that he and his brother are complete opposites in every way, but together, they are “like one person” (61). Czernobog and Shadow play checkers. Czernobog suggests a wager: If Shadow wins, Czernobog will join Wednesday, and if Czernobog wins, he is allowed to beat Shadow with his hammer. Shadow accepts and Czernobog wins, so Shadow suggests that they play again. Shadow wins the next game by outsmarting Czernobog. As a result, Czernobog agrees to join Wednesday and says that he will take his opportunity to hit Shadow with his hammer as soon as the job is over.
Shadow and Wednesday spend the night in the apartment. Shadow wakes to find Zorya Polunochnaya staring at the sky from a window. He talks to her, and they sit together on the fire escape. She explains how each of the sisters represents a part of the day: dusk (Zorya Vechernyaya), dawn (Zorya Utrennyaya), and night (Zorya Polunochnaya). They discuss the different names for the constellations and their connections to religions and beliefs. When Shadow mentions Laura’s visit, Zorya Polunochnaya is sympathetic. Shadow confesses that he feels like he is becoming lost in an increasingly strange world. Zorya Polunochnaya reaches into the night sky and seems to pluck out the moon, which turns into a “silver Liberty-head dollar” (69). She offers it to Shadow as protection. When Shadow wakes up the next day, he realizes that the apartment has no fire escape. However, he finds a silver dollar in his hand. Wednesday finds him and announces their plans: They will rob a bank.
In another Coming to America interlude, a man named Mr. Ibis keeps a journal. He tells the story of Essie Tregowan, an Englishwoman who is sent to America after committing a crime in her homeland. On the voyage, she marries the ship’s captain and returns to England, where she vanishes into the criminal underworld as a thief. For this success, she thanks the folkloric figures whom her family taught her about. These figures watch over Essie for a while, but her luck eventually runs out and she is sent to the colonies again. In America, she marries a farmer and has a family. However, she never forgets to honor the spirits and fairies who once watched over her. She teaches her children all the same folklore. When she is old, she is visited by a large, redheaded Cornish man “dressed all in green” (75). They talk, and he leads her away. The next day, her stepdaughter finds her body.
In the opening chapters of American Gods, Shadow is warned that a storm is coming. Humans and gods alike seem convinced that something dramatic is about to happen, though they express their foreboding and dread through the metaphor of the weather. Shadow’s life is already in turmoil; after three years stuck in the confinement of prison, he is released into the free world only to find that his wife, Laura, and his best friend, Robbie, died in a traffic accident while having an affair. Shadow has lost two of the most important people in his life, as well as the job that was meant to sustain him in his post-prison life. He is told that a storm is coming, but he already feels as though his life has been turned upside down by a metaphorical hurricane. Given the upset he has already experienced, the threat of further turmoil in the shape of an imminent storm gives the audience a sense of what lies ahead for Shadow. He has lost everything, but his journey has barely started.
In the moment when Shadow loses everything, he is further disoriented by the introduction of Wednesday. The first interactions between Wednesday and Shadow foreshadow what is to come as Wednesday knows everything about Shadow’s life, from the loss of Laura to Shadow’s seat number on a flight. Following so much upheaval in his life, Shadow is in a vulnerable position, and Wednesday’s strange behavior only makes matters worse. Shadow practices coin tricks in his spare time to distract him from his darker thoughts and enjoys the satisfaction of knowing how these small magic tricks work. When Wednesday inserts himself into Shadow’s life, however, Shadow is robbed of this satisfaction as he cannot figure out how Wednesday knows so much or performs his seemingly magical feats. The relentlessly rational Shadow searches for an explanation and is distressed when he cannot find anything that obeys the laws of physics. Just days before, Shadow knew how the world worked. He was going to leave prison, return to his loving wife, and work in his best friend’s gym. Now, he has no security, and he cannot understand how an old man like Wednesday can know everything about his life. With Shadow’s understanding of the world collapsed, Wednesday is able to take advantage. In a book about gods and faith, this groundwork parallels the ways people seek knowledge and comfort from religion and deities when the world is difficult or incomprehensible. The breakdown of Shadow’s life is an illustration of Wednesday’s unrepentantly manipulative behavior, as it is later revealed that all of these losses and events are orchestrated by him.
Wednesday’s manipulation of Shadow is clear in the interactions between Shadow and Mad Sweeney. The leprechaun seems perfectly suited to irritate, confuse, and astound Shadow. Sweeney is a belligerent, insistent figure who can seemingly perform real magic. He pulls a coin from thin air, a trick that annoys Shadow so much that he cannot ignore it. Shadow is confident that he has learned every coin trick, and his satisfaction in knowing how tricks work kept him grounded during his three years in prison. Sweeney’s actual magic robs Shadow of this satisfaction and his sense of stability. Furthermore, Sweeney insists that they fight. Shadow has spent three years refusing to fight for fear of extending his prison sentence; the fight between Shadow and Sweeney shows how Wednesday is slowly and subtly forcing Shadow to break his own rules. Each time Shadow breaks a rule, he becomes more dependent on Wednesday and easier to manipulate. From distrusting Wednesday during their first conversation, Shadow is quickly willing to gamble his life on a game of checkers with Czernobog. Swiftly and meticulously, Wednesday dismantles everything Shadow felt he knew about the world. Just as quickly, Wednesday begins to rebuild Shadow’s understanding of the world to suit his own agenda.
By Neil Gaiman