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53 pages 1 hour read

David Foster Wallace

A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again

Nonfiction | Essay Collection | Adult | Published in 1997

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Chapter 5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5 Summary: “David Lynch Keeps His Head”

On assignment for Premiere magazine, Wallace is invited to the set of Lost Highway, a 1996 film by American director David Lynch, presumably to interview Lynch. However, from the essay’s outset, he confesses to gaining no knowledge about Lynch as a person. They remain distant throughout Wallace’s visits to the set, and Wallace’s essay expresses little interest in Lynch as a person. Wallace, an avowed fan of Lynch’s work, instead used the visit to explore his relationship with it. After a brief overview of Lynch’s filmography, Wallace posits that Lost Highway may be the film that rehabilitates Lynch’s reputation after a series of commercial failures in recent years. Lost Highway is about shifting identities. Throughout the essay, he repeats this motif (interchangeable identities) as actors pose next to their stunt doubles or stand next to their lookalikes.

Wallace wryly suggests that one could interpret Lost Highway in “roughly 37” ways. Although he cannot predict its success, he asserts that it will be at least “Lynchian,” referring to “a particular kind of irony where the very macabre and the very mundane combine in such a way as to reveal the former’s perpetual containment within the latter” (161). In a Postmodern sense, however, Wallace suggests that “we know it when we see it” (161). Wallace describes his own relationship to Lynchian cinema and Lynch’s influence on the medium. Lynch’s unnerving and uncanny style has led to some critics to label him as “sick,” but Wallace disagrees, at least in the pejorative sense. While he concedes that the films may be creepy, this creepiness supports an artistic goal. Lynch’s films “make [the audience] feel complicit in their sickness” (168), which can be uncomfortable.

Wallace describes being on the movie set, as well as the more general experience of being in Los Angeles. The city measures up, satisfyingly, to his stereotypical expectations. The set is professional and largely dull, staffed by competent people whose typicality contrasts with the Lynchian nature of the film they are helping create. Spotting one actor beside his own stand-in, Wallace notes that this became “its own surreal metacommentary on parallel identity” (182). At no point does Wallace approach Lynch, who stands apart, smoking and directing the film while engaging in earnest mannerisms. These mannerisms are, for Wallace, an example of Lynch’s relationship to Postmodernism, as he speaks with the unintentionally “flattened affect of someone who’s parodying himself” (186). Wallace does not warm to Lynch as a person, noting the almost mean decision to cast famed comedian Richard Pryor in Lost Highway: Pryor was known for his high-energy performance style, but by the time Lost Highway is shot, a medical condition has rendered him “a cruel parody of a damaged person” (188). Wallace suggests that Pryor is cast as a cruel spectacle yet concedes that the casting has artistic merit in a film about blurred and dissolving identities.

Wallace visits an editing suite to view a rough cut of the film. The suite is in a repurposed house, next door to Lynch’s home. The walls are decorated with paintings by Lynch (not particularly to Wallace’s taste) and Lynch’s ex-wife (which Wallace enjoys much more). Wallace dwells on Lynch’s training as a painter, suggesting that it helps clarify Lynch’s categorization as an expressionist: Lynch uses objects and characters not as representations but to transmit his own impressions or moods. This typical expressionism mixes with Postmodern self-awareness and idiosyncrasy. Wallace delves deeper into what he considers a tendency to misread Lynch’s work. Critics and audiences have associated its creepiness or violence with “various deficiencies in Lynch’s character” (202). This, Wallace suggests, is a misreading resulting from the audience’s need for art “to be morally comfortable” (205). The ambient, inexplicable, immediate evil of Lynch’s worlds defies the audience’s desire for comprehensible, distinct, and punishable evil in the reality they inhabit. It blurs lines of morality, while characters (particularly protagonists) exhibit the capacity to reflect and enact the violence that exists all around them. Lynch’s films do not punish their characters for this; instead, the films compel audiences to think about their own relationship with evil, violence, and society. Lynch’s films do not always successfully navigate this tricky idea, Wallace suggests, but he credits Lynch with “attempting it at all” (212).

Chapter 5 Analysis

In the essay “David Lynch Keeps His Head,” Wallace discusses the plot of Lost Highway, noting that parallel identity crises are a key theme in the movie. In Lynch’s film, “characters literally turning into somebody else” (150) is a motif that Lynch achieves by using different actors to play the same role or changing the physical appearance of an actor without explanation. Wallace recognizes this as a theme in the film but then extends the theme into the essay. Thus, the doubling of identities recurs throughout Wallace’s writing. He includes observations of actors standing next to their body doubles, creating a doppelganger effect in which they are doubling their identity in an explicit fashion. Actors play characters (adopting identities) while standing beside unknown actors hired to adopt the identity that the more famous actors are themselves adopting.

On a more profound level, Wallace pursues the theme of doubling identities in his profile of David Lynch. He draws a clear distinction between Lynch the person and Lynch the film director. The latter identity greatly appeals to Wallace, who shares many of the same artistic obsessions, while the former identity leaves Wallace cold. Both the person and the artist are the same person, but Wallace finds only one of these identities appealing. He is afforded no access to Lynch and physically distances himself from Lynch while on set and avoids socializing with him. When Wallace criticizes artistic choices, such as the casting of Richard Pryor, he notes that the decision is artistically valid even if it does not appeal to Wallace on a personal level. In Wallace’s essay about a film about doubling identities, he wrestles with the dueling identities of the filmmaker as an individual and as an artist. The duality of David Lynch, in effect, mirrors the film’s artistic ambitions.

In addition, Wallace noticeably increases his use of footnotes. The first, third, and fourth essays in the collection use no footnotes, while the second includes them only as academic references. In this fifth essay, Wallace expands the use beyond referencing to provide opinion, context, and additional information beyond the conventional use of footnotes. Similarly, he breaks up the essay’s structure into more modular, contained sections with clear titles that explain their content. He sprinkles the essay with trivia tidbits and uses images for the first (and only) time in the collection. The innovation in Wallace’s use of form coincides with a change in subject matter: The first and third essays concern Wallace’s own life growing up in the Midwest or returning to the Midwest. In the second and fourth essays, he writes in an academic fashion about abstract subjects. His profile of Lynch (and the two essays which follow) are more aligned with his fiction work. Traces of Wallace’s extensive use of formal devices such as footnotes in the novel Infinite Jest are evident in these final three essays. The transition from Wallace’s personal recollections or academic musings to profiling others (here David Lynch, later Michael Joyce and the cruise industry) suggest a transition from inward-looking to outward-looking work. Wallace is now looking out at others, at the world around him, and his meticulous use of structure and footnotes reflects his efforts to document and explain this complicated, chaotic world. This connects the inner-focused theme of Alienation and Detachment to the outward-focused themes of Irony and Society and Media and Reality.

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