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100 pages 3 hours read

Atia Abawi

A Land of Permanent Goodbyes

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2018

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Part 3, Chapters 30-33, EpilogueChapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3, Chapter 30 Summary

Susan isn’t in any of the taxis. She’s been snatched, presumably by human traffickers. Joel describes the man who offered her a seat in his taxi. Siddiqa’s son, Dean, drives Tareq and Alexia to the port, where traffickers usually take their victims to get them on a ferry. Meanwhile, Siddiqa contacts the police. Tareq is in tears:

He began negotiating with God, promising he would be fine with all he had lost and would start being grateful, as long as he could have his sister back. The only sibling he had left. Flashes of Salim, Farrah, Sameer and Ameer popped into his head (243).

They arrive at the port but can’t find Susan.

Part 3, Chapter 31 Summary

Meanwhile, Alexia spies the man who she had previously seen taking photos of refugees arriving on the beach. She watches as he goes to have a beer with a man who matches the description of the taxi driver. The men are on shore drinking beers nearby their boat, the Euphoria. Alexia takes the opportunity to sneak onto the boat and look for Susan. She messages Tareq the name of the boat before remembering that his Turkish SIM card is no longer working.

Searching the boat, Alexia finds a locked room with people inside—they beg her to let them out. However, a man comes and attacks her. He implies that he will add her to his trafficking victims—“An American huh?... Good money for you”—and that he will rape her (250). Tareq and Dean arrive just in time to help; Dean had turned on a hotspot on his phone so that Tareq’s phone would have WiFi access, so he was able to get the message Alexia sent. While they handle the man, Alexia gets the door open—some young boys are inside, along with Susan. Alexia brings Susan to Tareq. Dean goes to deal with Siddiqa and the police. 

Part 3, Chapter 32 Summary

Several days later, Tareq and Susan head to the port; they will take the ferry from Mytilene to Athens. Alexia, Siddiqa, and Dean are there to say goodbye. As they part, Alexia tells Tareq about Mr. Rogers and relays the same quote that prefaces the book: “Always look for the helpers.” She tells them, “When you think the world is against you, please just take a moment and look for them—the helpers” (256).

On the 12-hour ferry ride, Tareq meets Jamila and Najiba. He learns that a friend of theirs they met in the camps, Muzhgan, was repeatedly raped by her Turkish smuggler before being set free.

After arriving in Athens, the refugees take a bus to the Republic of Macedonia. The border is closed. Tareq meets Dr. Kassem, who was on his boat, and learns that the man has taken the orphaned baby, claiming it as his grandchild. Waiting at the border, Tareq recognizes “helpers” again and again—one man shares some food with him while another offers a spot by his warm fire, and volunteers come through with hot tea. Eventually, the border reopens, but some refugees have died in the cold night—including Dr. Kassem’s wife and the orphaned infant.

In Macedonia, Tareq, Susan, Jamila, Najiba, and Muzhgan are sent to another camp for registration. They go on, taking a series of cold buses and trains through Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Tareq stays in touch with Alexia via text. He notes that he feels like a criminal because of how many treat him—but also acknowledges that he sees the helpers, such as Red Cross volunteers. He also sees friendly people in the countries he passes through: “They smile at us and make us human again after being yelled at by their military and police. They make me remember, every country has good people and bad people. Just like mine” (263). 

Part 3, Chapter 33 Summary

Alexia is conflicted. On one hand, she wants to celebrate the refugees who make it; on the other hand, she can’t shake the memory of the many who didn’t. Speaking with Dean, she expresses regret that she can’t do more: “What we’ve done here is just a single drop in the ocean. It’s hard to be satisfied. But you have to remember that there would be no ocean without every drop” (266).

Meanwhile, Tareq and Jamila are facing an impending separation. Tareq sees their budding romance as “a gift from God while trapped in hell” (266). Jamila, Najiba, and Muzhgan board a train to meet Jamila and Najiba’s aunt in Frankfurt. Tareq prays it’s not another permanent goodbye.

He is saddened by the farewell but then distracted by a phone call from his father—except when he picks up the phone, it’s not Fayed but his brother, Salim.  

Epilogue Summary

Tareq and Susan make it to Germany. The German government has placed them in a facility. Susan starts kindergarten and adapts quickly, learning the language faster than Tareq. She no longer brings her doll, Farrah, with her everywhere.

Fayed and Salim are still hoping to reunite with Tareq and Susan. Tareq learns Salim’s story. After the bombing, Salim was treated in a different hospital from the rest of the family. Daesh then recruited him. Eventually, he escaped.

Jamila and Najiba are in Frankfurt, waiting to hear if they will get asylum. Muzhgan is at a facility for minors. Without counseling, she remains terrified.

Musa remains in Turkey. He found a decent job and plans to ask Shayma to marry him. He is eager to join her family since his own parents are dead.

Germany is safer for Susan and Tareq, but not perfect. Refugees like them are often met with suspicion. Tareq can’t blame the German people for being afraid, as he shares their fear: There have been terror attacks in Paris and reports of sexual assaults on New Year’s Eve in various German cities.

Destiny ends the epilogue, reminding the reader that Tareq’s new life as a refugee is only beginning—and that he is one of millions. Destiny concludes: “I hope you will provide that warmth, be that helper, do what you can to make that world a better place. Because when I meet you—and I will—there will be a reckoning. There always is” (272). 

Part 3, Chapters 30-33 and Epilogue Analysis

The dramatic climax of the book comes in Chapters 30 and 31. Throughout the story, Susan’s character has served as a source of motivation for Tareq. Whenever he wanted to give up, the thought of his little sister’s safety kept him going. Losing her now would be tragic. From the reader’s perspective, the reader has accompanied Tareq and Susan through a difficult and already life-threatening journey. Thus, the thought that human traffickers might end up getting their hands on the little girl, taking her away forever, is extremely disconcerting.

The chapters surrounding the hunt for Susan and the fight against the traffickers are packed with action and violence. Even Alexia, the secondary protagonist after Tareq, appears to be in danger, heightening the sense of suspense for the reader. By putting Alexia in a vulnerable position, the author also shows how quickly a person can go from being a helper to a person in need of help. This fact is emphasized by the description of Alexia climbing off the boat and being helped by some of the refugee boys she helped save: “She was met by the hands of refugees wanting to help her as she hopped off a boat, following her own terrifying experience” (252).

Even though the book has reached its climax in terms of action, Destiny makes it clear that Tareq’s journey is not over. From Mytilene, they go on to Athens and then through multiple European countries before they finally reach Germany. Even in these later stages of the long trek, the refugees’ lives are in danger. There is the death of Dr. Kassem’s wife, for example, as well as the orphaned baby he and his wife had agreed to care for. The narrative insists on providing a realistic portrayal of the trials and tribulations of the refugee journey; things don’t get easier just because they’ve reached Europe.

Abawi further emphasizes the thematic focus on the female refugee through the character of Muzhgan. She is mentioned only briefly, introduced through her contact with Jamila and Najiba. Jamila shares the girl’s story with Tareq, telling him that the Turkish smuggler raped the girl. Although the narrative has implied in many cases that women refugees are more vulnerable, suggesting they may be targets for exploitation, rape, or forced prostitution, this is the first instance in which such a case is described in explicit detail.

Muzhgan’s character speaks to another theme—the universal nature of trauma. She ends up in a facility for minors in Germany but doesn’t receive counseling and thus remains fearful. Tareq likewise will continue to experience nightmares, and the Epilogue notes that his brother, Salim, also has nightmares that leave him screaming in the night. Helpers like Alexia also remain troubled, as Alexia is plagued by the thought of all the people she was unable to help.

The narrative ends on a final shocking note when Tareq discovers that his brother Salim—who he assumed was dead—is on the line. Finally, Tareq and the readers learn Salim’s story: He survived the bombing but was then taken by Daesh. It is Salim’s love for his sisters that keeps him from being fully brainwashed by Daesh, a fact that reminds the reader of the power of love over hate.

Destiny has the last word in the book, concluding the narrative just as it opened it. The omniscient narrator gives voice to the overarching message of the book by providing a call for empathy. Destiny uses the address “you,” as if speaking to the reader directly, asking for the reader to act with warmth and to be a helper. A reference to the “helper” quotation from Mr. Rogers, which prefaces the book, is also made by Alexia when she and Tareq part ways. Ultimately, this is the book’s message, both in regard to refugees and in regard to life in general: Be a helper. The novel thus finds a way to convey the message of empathy in a way that young adult readers can appreciate.

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