38 pages • 1 hour read
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'oA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Gikonyo returns home in a foul mood. Mumbi tells him that Mugo said he would not participate in the Uhuru ceremony. As Gikonyo and Mumbi speak, her child enters the room and begins to chat with Gikonyo. He roughly pushes the child away and then, at Mumbi’s rebuke, slaps her and calls her a whore. Wangari intervenes, but Gikonyo runs from the house.
Because the MP assured Gikonyo that he would soon be able to buy a farm with a loan the MP could secure, Gikonyo and five others gather to plan how to raise half the money for the land up front. Yet when Gikonyo visits the farm, he sees that it is under new ownership—the MP has bought it. Trying to force the unpleasantness with the land situation and with Mumbi out of his mind, Gikonyo visits Warui to discuss Party business. Since Mugo will not speak at the Uhuru ceremony, Gikonyo asks Warui to accompany him to Mugo’s hut.
After his conversation with Mumbi and General R., Mugo sets out to walk through the village, his mind uneasy. He comes across the portion of the trench that he had been forced to dig and recalls the day when a homeguard began viciously beating the woman who was working next to Mugo. After four strokes of the whip, Mugo intervened and held the whip to prevent the fifth. For this, Mugo was forced into a police van and taken away.
Next, Mugo also recalls the day that he found a crowd gathered around the hut of the old woman whose deaf son, Gitongo, had been killed. Rumor has it that the woman’s son has come back to visit her twice—but the description of these visits mirrors Mugo’s own visits to the woman.
When Gikonyo and Warui arrive at his hut, Mugo says he is not feeling well in the head. Gikonyo is surprised by the look of terror in Mugo’s eyes, and the visitors retreat. As he returns home, Gikonyo feels the anger at the day’s events surge within him and intends to confront Mumbi. However, Wangari is waiting for him to say that Mumbi has gone to live with her parents.
This chapter is narrated in the first person plural. The voice of the village describes Mugo walking in the pouring rain, the only person not to seek shelter. This incident further distinguishes Mugo for the people of Thabai, who perceive his difference as the mark of heroism. Wambui believes that the only way to convince Mugo to participate in the Uhuru celebration is to have the women of the village talk to him. She gives the task to Mumbi.
Mumbi, since leaving Gikonyo’s home, had been very sad. Her parents do not welcome her back with open arms, believing Mumbi’s place is with her husband. She also grieves to learn that it was Karanja who had betrayed Kihika, and that Karanja—the father of her child—would be put to death. She begs Mugo to reconsider his participation in the ceremony. He tells her some of the horrors of physical abuse he witnessed in the detention centers, and she says that it is for this reason he must address the people.
Mugo, at his breaking point, tells Mumbi he killed Kihika by strangling him. Mumbi protests, saying that she saw Kihika’s body hanging from a tree. Mugo loses control and reaches for Mumbi’s throat, saying he will strangle her as well. Mumbi stops struggling and Mugo relaxes. Terrified, she asks what is wrong.
The narrative jumps backward in time. During the Emergency DO Thomas Robson was terrorizing the countryside, capturing villagers randomly and forcing them to dig their own graves. In May 1955, man on a road outside the village confronted Robson and shot him twice in the chest. Robson’s death—purportedly at the hands of Mau Mau thugs—caused a backlash of violence against the people of Thabai. Mugo had been staying inconspicuous while this occurred, so as not to be rounded up and taken to a detention center, as so many other men in the village had been. That night, as he sat in the dark in his hut, he heard soldiers going from home to home, the sounds of gunfire, and screaming. Suddenly there was a knock on the door. Terrified, Mugo opened the door to Kihika, who said that he needed a place to hide because he had just killed Robson. Kihika was talking wildly, and Mugo was afraid that Kihika would bring attention to them. Kihika tried to persuade Mugo to join the Movement, insisting that Mugo meet him in the forest in a week’s time. After Kihika left, Mugo was angry to be dragged into the conflict. Mugo’s resentment grew. On the appointed day of their meeting, Mugo went to the government offices and reported Kihika’s location to the district officer, John Thompson. For his efforts, Mugo was beaten because Thompson claimed that numerous false reports about Kihika had been made.
The ramifications of unchecked power continue in these chapters, which demonstrate their unintended secondary and tertiary effects. The MP whom Gikonyo addressed in regards to the purchase of land has undermined him and purchased the land for himself. Gikonyo, feeling the weight of this insult and the accumulation of bad news, takes his frustrations out on Mumbi, finally dealing directly with her infidelity by calling her a whore. Mumbi returns home, where her parents make her feel like she has failed as a woman and a wife.
Readers get a clearer sense of Mugo’s internal workings. His motivations connect to the theme of the importance of interpersonal relationships in Thabai. A lonely man—an orphan raised by an abusive aunt—Mugo has always wanted to simply be left alone. He lacks roots and connections within the community—he has no parents, no wife, and no children. Because of this, he has never cared about opposing British rule. In his conversation with Mumbi, Mugo reveals that he is no hero; his so-called heroic actions were simply isolated incidents that happened to involve people connected to the Movement.
Still, the novel holds out hope that even Mugo can unintentionally form bonds that are important for other people, if not for himself. Several times, he visited the hut of the old woman whose son had been killed at the start of the Emergency, unintentionally providing her comfort as she thought he was her dead son returned to life.
By Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o