logo

37 pages 1 hour read

Aaron Sorkin

A Few Good Men

Fiction | Play | Adult | Published in 1989

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Act II, Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Act II, Part 1 Summary

In a flashback, Jessup meets with the base’s lead medical officer, Commander Stone. They discuss Santiago’s death and Stone’s struggles to determine the cause of death. Jessup threatens to hinder Stone’s career unless Stone lists poison on the rag stuffed into Santiago’s mouth as the cause of death.

Kaffee talks with Dawson. He assures Dawson that the legal team are trying their best but warns him that they will likely “get creamed.”

In the courtroom, Judge Randolph presides over the case. Galloway objects to the heavy security in the room because it projects the image that the defendants are dangerous. Ross begins by calling Stone as a witness. Stone describes the rope marks on Santiago’s wrists, his partially shaved head, and the lab results, which indicated a buildup of acid in the lungs. Stone thinks that the cause of death was poison. Having rehearsed his cross-examination, Kaffee questions Stone. He uses Stone’s own medical reports on Santiago to suggest that he may have had a pre-existing heart condition, which may have caused his death. Ross questions Stone again, emphasizing the likelihood that Santiago was poisoned, while Galloway asks that Stone’s testimony be stricken from the record.

After the court session, Weinburg criticizes Galloway’s strenuous objections as a rookie mistake. He then explains that he dislikes Dawson and Downey because they “beat up on a weakling” (70). Weinburg considers their defense of the Marines immoral but nevertheless will work hard on the case.

Markinson pretends to be a journalist to obtain the records of incoming and outgoing flights from Guantanamo Bay on the day of Santiago’s death. When the orderly requests the corresponding paperwork, Markinson threatens him with a pistol.

In the courtroom, Kaffee calls Corporal Howard as his first witness. Howard explains the purpose of the Marines in Guantanamo Bay, describing how they held six-hour patrols along the fence separating the US territory from Cuba while armed with M-16 rifles. Howard also explains to the court the nature and purpose of Code Reds. He received a Code Red in the past; his fellow Marines beat him for dropping his rifle, then bought him a beer. Howard describes Santiago’s struggles to maintain fitness and discipline. However, he says that Dawson forbade the men from carrying out a Code Red on Santiago. Ross questions Howard and points out that the official Marine training documents never mention the term Code Red. Kaffee responds that such documents do not mention many parts of life as a Marine, but they’re nevertheless true.

During a brief recess, Ross makes Kaffee another offer. He doesn’t want Kendrick to testify, as he’s worried that it might negatively affect the reputation of Kendrick and the Marines. Kaffee rejects Ross’s offer and calls Kendrick as a witness. Under Kaffee’s examination, Kendrick calls Santiago a “below average” (81) Marine. He admits to issuing a bad report to Dawson, which delayed a promotion, and Kaffee suggests that the bad report was linked to Dawson’s attempt to give food to a fellow Marine who was being deliberately starved as part of a Code Red punishment. Kendrick thinks that Dawson committed the crime of disobeying an order. As a result of this poor report, Kaffee suggests that Dawson learned that he can’t pick which orders to follow, even if he thinks that he may hurt someone. Kendrick flatly denies issuing any order to Dawson or Downey to give Santiago a Code Red.

In Kaffee’s apartment that evening, Weinburg discovers a package from Markinson. Kaffee opens the package. Inside is a letter from Markinson, suggesting that Jessup never intended to transfer Santiago, along with the flight records to and from Cuba that prove this to be true. Markinson tells Kaffee not to look for him but pleads with Kaffee to “save these men” (86). Though the evidence is damning, it is inadmissible, as no one can find Markinson and he obtained the documents at gunpoint. Kaffee wants to bring Markinson to the court to testify.

Act II, Part 1 Analysis

In Act II of A Few Good Men, the drama transitions to the courtroom. Most scenes take place inside the court, portraying the ceremony and the rituals of military justice. The witnesses, the prosecution, the defense, the judge, and the defendants are all in military dress uniform as a symbolic reminder of the institution of military justice. In addition, the narrative refers to each person by their correct rank and title, and all the characters respect the rules of the court. Such symbolic ceremonies and rituals establish the integrity of the court system and adds weight to the authority of the institution. Every character believes in the justice that the court administers, establishing the court’s legitimacy even though it is part of the same military institution which has struggled to maintain moral authority in the wake of Santiago’s death. By demonstrating how emotionally and morally invested the characters are in the court as an institution, the play carefully sidesteps any concern that the moral failings of Jessup’s control of the Guantanamo Bay do not apply to the US military. The characters all think that the military is capable of justice, adding the possibility of self-administered justice in the wake of a tragic murder.

Although the ceremony of the court is a reaction to the moral failings surrounding Santiago’s murder, Markinson provides an alternative reaction. Markinson feels guilty for his involvement in Santiago’s death. Though he did not order the Code Red and though he argued for Santiago’s transfer, he feels complicit in the actions of an institution that he no longer feels are justifiable. He was aware that Jessup still used Code Reds and similar practices yet did nothing to stop him. In Markinson’s view, his inaction made Santiago’s death inevitable. Whereas the other characters react to the tragedy by investing themselves in the institution’s legitimacy, Markinson loses faith in all institutions. He commits crimes and then kills himself, unable to conceive of any way to redeem himself or the military as an institution. His decision to wear the full military uniform is a parallel to the characters in the courtroom. While they dress in their uniforms to ratify their investment in the military as an institution, Markinson uses it as a punishment. His suicide, which the next scenes reveal, isn’t directed only at himself. His decision to cloak himself in the most famous visual symbol of the Marines means that he’s symbolically condemning the military. Markinson shows the world that he’s a soldier and a member of an institution that he can’t permit to live. He takes the law into his own hands and becomes his own judge and executioner, condemning himself and the Marines in one symbolic gesture.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text