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31 pages 1 hour read

Ernest Hemingway

A Day's Wait

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1933

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Literary Devices

Ambiguity

The central question of “A Day’s Wait” is whether it’s better to ask for help or suffer in silence. Hemingway doesn’t provide a clear answer, instead leaving a great deal of ambiguity that permeates the work. After all, while Schatz is clearly very brave in how he accepts his perceived death, this bravery is entirely unnecessary, and he could have saved himself a day of misery had he simply asked for help.

Likewise, the character’s statements to each other are extremely ambiguous. For example, Papa asks, “How do you feel, Schatz?” and Schatz replies, “Just the same, so far” (Lines 33-34). Papa’s statement could be taken several different ways: He could be asking whether Schatz still feels ill, whether he’s feeling any better, or he could be asking how the boy feels about dying. Schatz’s reply is equally ambiguous, as he doesn’t explain what he means by “so far,” and Papa never asks for an explanation.

The same can be said for the multiple times that the narrative notes how Schatz seems internally troubled. Schatz could be repressing many things, but the narrative leaves them ambiguous since Papa doesn’t question him. This ambiguity reinforces the story’s theme of Miscommunication and Lack of Communication.

Ellipsis

Hemingway’s brief style means that what he omits is often just as important as the parts he leaves in. He uses narrative ellipsis frequently to help move the story along and create a sense of ambiguity. For example, in the first sentence, the narrator refers to “we” but never clarifies who the other person (or people) may be. When Papa describes feeling Schatz’s forehead, he notes that the boy has a fever. The next sentence says, “When the doctor came he took the boy’s temperature,” but the narrative doesn’t describe the doctor being called or arriving (Line 14). He simply appears to take Schatz’s temperature.

When Papa goes on a hunting trip, he doesn’t indicate that he asks someone to watch over Schatz, yet when he returns, the narrative states, “At the house they said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room” (Lines 63-64). Clearly, someone was supposed to be watching Schatz, but once again, Papa gives no indication of who that person or people may be. These narrative ellipses reflect Papa’s communication with his son; they both tend to leave out information, allowing the other to misinterpret their meaning.

Imagery

Hemingway makes judicious use of imagery in this work. Most frequently, he uses this device when describing Schatz. For example, the second sentence describes Schatz using imagery: “He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move” (Lines 3-4). This description clearly portrays how sick Schatz is and opposes his claims that he’s “all right” (Lines 7, 13).

After Schatz learns about his temperature, Papa notes, “His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on” (Lines 28-30). While noting that Schatz looks worse, Papa doesn’t question him about it. Papa also notices that Schatz’s condition hasn’t improved when he returns from hunting: “I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed” (Lines 76-78). This imagery helps illustrate Schatz’s illness and his worry, showing that Papa knows Schatz is concerned about something.

Setting

“A Day’s Wait” occurs during winter in the US. These elements are critical to the story because they drive much of the plot. One of the central conflicts of the story is Schatz’s internal struggle as he deals with what he thinks is his upcoming death, but this conflict doesn’t work in another setting. Schatz was educated in France, and his conflict stems from his confusion about Celsius versus Fahrenheit. However, few countries use the imperial system, so this conflict could only occur in very few places.

Likewise, the winter setting of the story means that it occurs during flu season, so it isn’t surprising that Schatz is ill. Finally, the winter setting is crucial to the hunting scene: “[I]t seemed as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush, and all the grass and the bare ground had been varnished with ice” (Lines 48-49). This ice causes Papa and the dog to slip multiple times during their hunting and makes flushing the quail out of the bush more difficult. Papa’s perseverance despite poor conditions emphasizes his manliness. This wouldn’t work nearly as well if it took place in a different season.

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