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51 pages 1 hour read

Megha Majumdar

A Burning

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2020

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Chapters 27-37Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 27 Summary: “Lovely”

In acting class Mr. Debnath directs the students to perform a monologue in which they cry. This is a major challenge for any actor, and the students protest that on real film sets, actors are given drops to help their eyes tear up. Mr. Debnath tells the students to think of a time in their life that was truly sad, to transport themselves back to that time and tap into that emotion. Lovely reflects on the memory she can use to cry on cue: The story of her friend Ragini. Lovely grew up with her parents and extended family until age 13, when her preference for feminine clothing and makeup began to concern her family. Lovely could have brought dishonor to the family for being “half-half,” so the family sent her away. Lovely believed for some time that her mother was out there looking for her, but she turns away from this belief today.

Lovely ended up in a colony of hijras and learned how to dress, dance, and do her hair and makeup. Though she received little to no formal education, Lovely believes that it is best to learn from experience, and life as an outcast on the streets has taught her more than anything she could have learned in school. In her hijra colony she made a friend named Ragini who asked her to come with her to a dentist’s appointment. The dentist appointment was a cover for a clandestine surgery to permanently change Ragini’s physical sex. Ragini bled profusely during the surgery, and the dentist didn’t give her any anesthesia for the pain. Though Lovely helped Ragini return home, days after Ragini passed away. The pain of losing Ragini is a trauma to Lovely, a standout tragedy in a life full of sadness.

When Lovely arrives home from Mr. Debnath’s acting class, she finds Jivan’s mother waiting for her. She knows Jivan’s mother is there to ask her to testify for Jivan, and Lovely promises to do so. Lovely seeks to repay a kindness of the type that she rarely, if ever, receives.

Chapter 28 Summary: “Jivan”

Jivan is buoyed with hope because Lovely will testify on her behalf in court. Jivan knows that if anyone can convince the world of Jivan’s innocence, it is Lovely, who is earnest and radiates kindness. But Jivan decides not to tell Purnendu about Lovely and instead continues the story of her childhood. Jivan describes her family’s eventual move to the city, where bus drivers refused service to her father because of his bad back, where the house her mother was promised turned out to be a sort-of house deep in a slum, and where everything was fast-paced and chaotic. Jivan’s father fought through his pain, and Jivan watched as her mother struggled to make her breakfast business venture profitable for the family. But Jivan was nonetheless thrilled by her new city life, which exposed her to many different classes of people. Though her family’s life in the city was difficult, Jivan hoped that she would discover new opportunities to change her family’s prospects.

Chapter 29 Summary: “PT Sir”

PT Sir wakes up one day and refuses to eat the breakfast his wife makes him. He believes he deserves a better, more manly breakfast. He goes off to buy his breakfast, and when he sees a stray dog, he thinks about how he “has sent a dozen men to jail, does anybody know that? So this street dog better beware of him, or he can have it locked up in a snap of his fingers” (139). Another morning, PT Sir wakes up to an enormous storm, and at work teachers and students go to uncomfortable lengths to avoid the flooding streets around the building. Over lunch, PT Sir’s fellow faculty members ask about his connections to powerful people; they ask if he can help get the school’s piping fixed. PT Sir successfully gets a special exception for help for his school: its pipes are fixed and while other schools “drown.”

Chapter 30 Summary: “Lovely”

Mr. Debnath tells Lovely that she is advancing ahead of the class. He is writing a script and wants her to play a role in his movie. Lovely is elated that Mr. Debnath notices her talent and wants to include her in new opportunities.

Chapter 31 Summary: “Jivan”

In one of her meetings with Purnendu, Jivan admits that poverty nearly drove her to commit a crime—but only once. When she was young, she reached into a woman’s purse to take her wallet. Even while taking the wallet, Jivan knew she wouldn’t be able to keep it—her moral code won over her destitution. The woman caught her with the wallet, and instead of getting angry or calling the police, the woman asked Jivan if she was hungry. She gave Jivan food and then introduced herself as an employee of an organization that helped poor students earn scholarships to good schools. That is how Jivan ended up at PT Sir’s school. At the school, she worked hard and kept to herself; Jivan was lonely but learning. No one else in her slum knew how to read or write, much less in English. She admits that school was not easy for her, but her work ethic helped her succeed.

Chapter 32 Summary: “PT Sir”

PT Sir receives a phone call from his wife telling him of the death of the Jana Kalyan Party leader. He rushes to the deceased’s house, where mourners, reporters, and fellow party leaders are assembled. He thinks he should go home, but he also the leaders to see the flowers he has brought to pay his respects. He runs in to the assistant who assigns him court cases and provides him with “party gifts” for his service. The assistant helps push PT Sir through the crowd, and PT Sir is again awed by his status and pleased to see others looking at him, wondering who he could be to be so important.

Chapter 33 Summary: “Lovely”

During the celebration of Durga Puja, Lovely and her sister hijras travel on trains to perform. Looking forward to her possible new role in Mr. Debnath’s film, Lovely worries that one of her fellow acting students might see her in her job as beggar-performer. Nevertheless, Lovely observes the diverse people on the boat to draw inspiration for her future roles.

Lovely receives an invitation to Azad’s wedding. Although she was the one to convince him to marry a woman who could give him honor and children, Lovely is sad to see how beautiful his bride is. Lovely approaches the couple to give her hijra blessing and congratulations; she forces herself through the party despite how painful it is to see Azad with someone else. Lovely ponders the strangeness in life, reflecting, “My love for Azad, I am telling myself, is existing in some other world, where there is no society, no god. In this life we were never getting to know that other world, but I am sure it is existing. There, our love story is being written” (156).

Later, Lovely goes to an office that makes demo videos for actors auditioning for roles. Although the demo maker is rude to her and makes her act out odd and uninteresting roles, Lovely stays professional and taps in to her best acting skills. The demo maker charges Lovely too much, but she finally has a demo CD to pass on to Mr. Debnath’s film producers. When she returns home from her demo session, she meets Gobind, Jivan’s lawyer. He asks her to come to the courthouse to testify for Jivan, and she agrees. This involves filling out a form, but she is unable to because it’s in English, so Gobind invites her to a café to help her prepare the form.

Chapter 34 Summary: “PT Sir”

Bimala Pal becomes the new Jana Kalyan Party leader. The party sends PT Sir on a duty that bewilders him. He is sent to Chalnai, where schools are set in rural areas. His job is to convince educators there to take the students’ physical education seriously for their mental and physical well-being. The job confuses PT Sir because rural children have more space to run anyway. He later tells his wife he suspects the task was a test, though he doesn’t know what for or whether he passed.

Chapter 35 Summary: “Jivan”

Gobind visits Jivan to discuss her case while she is washing Americandi’s clothes. Gobind tells her that he found Lovely, but Jivan reminds him it was actually her mother who found Lovely while Gobind took his time doing nothing about it. Nonetheless, Gobind is happy that there is a positive shift in the case.

Later, Jivan tells Purnendu about PT Sir. He asks if it’s the same PT Sir who has recently been tied to Bimala Pal, but Jivan no longer knows about events outside the prison. Her story about PT Sir is a nice one: He helped feed her, encouraged her in sports, and even asked her to attend a cricket camp. He provided her with the comfort of care and attention, and Jivan suspects it was because as a man in an all-female school, he knows what it is to feel like an outsider.

Jivan then tells Purnendu about two important moments in her young life. The first was when she attended a schoolmate’s birthday and discovered that she lived in a wonderful home with her own space and desk, which inspired Jivan to become middle class. The second was when her mother came home one night after being attacked for her food and physical difference. The humiliation that Jivan shares with her mother makes her despair over her life in a cruel world.

Chapter 36 Summary: “Interlude: Brijesh, Aspiring Actor, Visits a New Mall”

Brijesh and Raju go to a new mall. They are thrilled by its lights, air conditioning, and overall modernization. They line up to go through metal detectors but are thwarted when security asks for the admission fee of 50 rupees. Brijesh and Raju point out that the woman in front of them was not asked for a fee, but no matter how much they argue, they are not admitted. They leave without a word to one another, unable to express the shame they both feel. They enjoy a snack together then go back to their manual labor.

Chapter 37 Summary: “PT Sir”

PT Sir attends court to act as a witness for his last case. The man accused of trading illegal goods is none other than Azad, who tries to explain that he doesn’t know if the goods he sells are counterfeit or not because he is not the boss. PT Sir testifies that he bought fake shoes from Azad, but Azad says he’s never seen PT Sir before. The judge finds Azad guilty and fines him an impossible fee. Azad must either pay the fee or serve a jail term.

Chapters 27-37 Analysis

The chapters reveal more about Jivan’s childhood. The stories of her upbringing are important in that they juxtapose her lonely, poor, stressful life with her hopes and aspirations to raise herself and family into a better life. Jivan’s resiliency is impressive given the severity of the charges against her, but Majumdar shows that only Jivan is truly able to advocate for herself. Neither Gobind nor Purnendu extend much care to her, and even though her mother fights for Jivan, there is only so much she can do. Jivan is not only a kind person but also the prototype of a young person who does not seek help in raising herself up. Jivan believes in herself and wants to work hard for new opportunities; she relies on no person or institution to do the hard work for her. The tragedy of Jivan’s childhood and adolescence also highlights the contrast between how Jivan is treated and how she treats others. Jivan has deep empathy for others, even though she is the one who is consistently belittled and suppressed, and now unfairly imprisoned. Despite her struggles, Jivan can see herself in others, which is partly why she believes that if Purnendu publishes her story, she will win the public’s sympathy. Ironically, Jivan even expresses empathy for PT Sir, whom she remembers as an “outsider” like her. Meanwhile, PT Sir is quick to judge and dismiss Jivan. Jivan’s empathy is never reciprocated, thereby proving Majumdar’s point that truly kind and open-minded people are rare in a society driven by scapegoating and selfish ambition.

Lovely is also paralleled with Jivan to prove this point. Lovely is rejected by society, loved ones, and strangers alike, even though she expresses limitless kindness and consideration to others. Lovely never internalizes this cruel treatment or projects it onto others. She carefully observes strangers as though she is studying a television show. She considers everyone’s perspective and potential life problems. This quality emphasizes Lovely’s kindness, but it also foreshadows her talent as an actress, since she can lose herself in the lives of other people.

Meanwhile, PT Sir acts as a foil to both Lovely and Jivan. PT Sir is an educator and a member of a party that advertises itself as being for the people. And yet, PT Sir is the opposite of Lovely and Jivan in his lack of empathy. All PT Sir cares about is power and status. He is easily seduced by people he judges to be better than him, and in turn he judges those he believes are below him. PT Sir’s rise to power happens quickly, and his attitude toward life changes just as fast. He becomes frustrated with his wife’s cooking, annoyed at other schools’ problems, and uncaring toward the people he sends to prison without proof of their guilt.

As PT Sir’s understanding of his power grows, he becomes more closed off to the real world. Majumdar utilizes PT Sir’s corrupt mind and behavior to criticize the greater workings of Indian society. It is concerning that PT Sir can continue showing up to a courthouse to act as a witness for crimes he never saw. This raises questions of who is asking the party to do this, why PT Sir was chosen for the job, who else is in on the grift, and for what purpose. Although Majumdar raises these questions, PT Sir never does. He blindly follows his party and wants people to blindly follow him too. This cycle of corrupt politics emphasizes how unjust the Indian system is for people with little economic and social means.

Majumdar further proves this point when Gobind asks Lovely to fill out a form in English to testify on Jivan’s behalf. Lovely has little formal education, much less an education in English, which was brought to India during colonization. Why would Lovely know English, and more importantly, why should she? Had Gobind not desperately needed Lovely for his case, would he have helped with the form? This plot point happens quickly, but it’s an important example of injustice in Indian society. If people who testify in court must speak English, then millions of Indians are ruled out as character witnesses, thereby solidifying the socioeconomic gaps between prisoners. Majumdar uses this criticism to layer another gap in society. Both Jivan and Lovely have little formal education. Jivan would not have attended a good school if she hadn’t attempted to steal from an aid worker. Meanwhile, Lovely could have gone to school and enjoyed a more structured and secure life if her family and society accepted her gender. Although neither of these characters have a great deal of education, Majumdar shows that Jivan and Lovely are the smarter characters. They observe with more open minds than PT Sir, demonstrating that a formal education, while important for socioeconomic progress, is not the determining factor of a person’s true intelligence.

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